4G stands for 4th generation & faster and reliable.
The goal is the same: long-range, high-speed wireless,
which for the purposes of this report will be called 4G.
4G, which is also known as beyond 3G or fourth- generation cell phone technology, refers to the entirely new evolution and a complete 3G replacement in wireless communications.
Such a system does not yet exist, nor will it exist in todays market without standardization.
1G TECHNOLOGY Analog continuous in amplitude & time. Variations in the signal disrupts over long distances
2G TECHNOLOGY Introduced in 1990s, switched to a digital format and introduced text messaging & Emailing.
3G TECHNOLOGY Improved the efficiency of how data is carried, High speed e-mail and internet access.
3G technology is very EXPENSIVE. LESS BANDWIDTH is available for data service. Data transmission rate is very SLOW.
Unfortunately, the current network does not have the available bandwidth necessary to handle data services well. Not only is data transfer slow at the speed of analog modems but the bandwidth that is available is not allocated efficiently for data. Data transfer tends to come in bursts rather than in the constant stream of voice data.
4G protocols use spectrum up to 3 times as efficiently as 3G systems, have better ways of handling dynamic load changes , and create more bandwidth than 3G systems. This will allow simple and transparent connectivity.
Unlike previous generations of mobile technology, 4G mobile will be widely used for internet access on computers as well as carrying cell phone communications.
SPEED 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode.
FREQUENCY BAND Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz) .
BANDWIDTH 100 MHz (or more)
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE Hybrid: Integration of wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
FDMA One frequency for the entire duration of the call.
TDMA -Each phone call is allocated a spot in the frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes turns" being transmitted.
CDMA -Each phone call is uniquely encoded and transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a manner known as spread spectrum transmission.
TDMA, or Time Division Multiple Access, is a technique in which for a particular time slot, one device is allowed to utilize the entire bandwidth of the spectrum, and every other device is in the quiescent state.
Time Division Multiple Access This makes the frame setup simpler and more efficient because there is no time wasted on setting up the order of transmission.
This has the negative side effect of wasting bandwidth and capacity on devices that have nothing to send. CDMA, or Code Division Multiple Access, allows every device in a cell to transmit over the entire bandwidth at all time. ULTRA WIDE BAND NETWORKS
UWB, is an advanced transmission technology that can be used in the implementation of a 4G network. The secret to UWB is that it is typically detected as noise.
Ultra Wideband uses a frequency of between 3.1GHz to 10.6 GHz.
UWB provides greater bandwidth as much as 60 megabits per second, which is 6 times faster than todays wireless networks. It also uses significantly less power, since it transmits pulses instead of a continuous signal.
UWB uses all frequencies from high to low, thereby passing through objects like the sea or layers of rock.
SWITCHED BEAM ANTENNAS have fixed beams of transmission, and can switch from one predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector.
ADAPTIVE ARRAY ANTENNAS represent the most advanced smart antenna which uses a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the user, minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception Optimize available power Increase base station range and coverage Reuse available spectrum Increase bandwidth Lengthen battery life of wireless devices
UWB and smart antenna technology play a large role in a 4G system, advanced software will be needed to process data on both the sending and receiving side. One solution to this multi-network functional device is a software defined radio.
A SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO would be able to work on different broadband networks and would be able to transfer to another network while traveling outside of the users home network
In 4G technology, packet switching method is mainly used in which data is divided into packet and then transmitted.
ADVANTAGES More Secure More Flexible More Reliable Proven Technology Easier to Standardize Extensible
More affordable communication services.
TV, internet, phone, radio, home environment sensors all reachable through one device the cell phone
Increase in social networking, invasion of privacy, security concerns.
Cheaper than previous generations.
Consumers demand that software and hardware be user-friendly and perform well.
Customers want the features delivered to them, simple and straightforward. The best way to help all parties is to enforce 4G as the next wireless standard. The software that consumers desire is already in wide use. Todays wired society is going wireless, and it has a problem. 4G is the answer.