1 Nokia Siemens Networks

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BSSPAR1: Chapter 2
Radio Resource Administration
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Legal Notice
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The Nokia Siemens Networks training material cannot be used outside of an agreed Nokia Siemens Networks
training session for development of groups without the prior written agreement of Nokia Siemens Networks.

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Module Objectives
Give an overview about the TDMA frame structure
Describe the logical channels, their mapping to TDMA frames and their
parameters
Demonstrate, how the signalling capacity effect the mapping of the logical
channels
Describe the purpose of the Base Station Identity Code and the Training
Sequence Code
Explain the use of frequency reuse and the fundamentals of frequency
hopping
Discuss the parameter settings required for base band and RF frequency
hopping
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TDMA frame
= 8 timeslots
( 0.577ms * 8 = 4.615 ms)
0
1
3
4
5
7
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
7
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
200 kHz
Physical channel
e.g. allocated to one
subscriber with FR voice
and no frequency hopping
frequency
TDMA frame
2
2 2 2
Basic TDMA Structure
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0 1 2 49 50 0 1 2 24 25
0 2047
0 1 2 48 49 50
0 1 24 25
0 7
2048 super frames = hyper frame
Super frame = 26 x (51 multi frame)
or 51 x (26 multi frame)
26 multi frame = 120 ms
51 multi frame = 235 ms
TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
TDMA frame
numbering
0 1 2 49 50
Multi, Super & Hyper Frames
(Traffic and associated signalling)
(Signalling and Control channels)
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Base Station
Subsystem
Logical Channels
for transport of specific content
Physical Channels
transport medium
MS
mapping
Physical channel parameters
ARFCN
Time slot number
Frequency hopping algorithm
GSM Channel Organization
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SCH
FCCH
PCH
BCCH
AGCH
RACH
SDCCH
SACCH
FACCH
Stand alone Dedicated Control Channel
Frequency Correction Channel
Synchronisation Channel
Broadcast Control Channel
Paging Channel
Slow Associated Control Channel
Fast Associated Control Channel
Paging Channel
Random Access Channel
Access Grant Channel
BCH
CCCH
DCCH
TCH
DL
DL
DL
UL
Common
Channels
Dedicated
Channels
UL/DL
UL/DL
CBCH Cell Broadcast Channel
Logical Channels
FR/HR Full rate / Halft rate TCH
EFR Enhanced Full rate TCH
AMR FR/HR Adaptive multirate TCH (FR/HR)
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.
.
.

26 TDMA frames = 120 ms
1 26
t t
t
t
t t t f t t t t t t t t t t t f t t t t t t s
i
Full Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)
Half Rate Traffic Channel Configuration (UL & DL)
26 TDMA frames = 120 ms
1 26
t
T
T
t
t
T
t
f
t t
T T T T
t t
T
t
T
f
T
t
T
t t
T
s
S
t = full rate TCH, s = SACCH/T, i = idle TDMA frame
t = half rate TCH, s = SACCH/T (first user)
T = half rate TCH, S = SACCH/T (second user) TDMA frame
Traffic Channel Mapping
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f s
f
f s f s
Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
-
Uplink
BCCH CCCH
f s f s
CCCH CCCH
SDCCH 0
SDCCH 1
SDCCH 2
SDCCH 3
SACCH
0/2
SACCH
1/3
r r f r r r r r r r f r r r r r r r r r r f r r r r r r f r r
1 51
SACCH
2/0
SACCH
3/1
SDCCH 0
SDCCH 1 SDCCH 3
SDCCH 2
f = FCCH, s = SCH, r = RACH TDMA frame
- = dummy burst
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
Signalling Channel Mapping
(BCCH + SDCCH/4 + SACCH/C4)
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f s
f
f s f s
Downlink
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
-
Uplink
BCCH CCCH
f s f s
CCCH CCCH
r r f r r r r r r r f r r r r r r r r r r f r r r r r r
f
r r
1 51
CCCH CCCH
CCCH CCCH CCCH CCCH
r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r r
f = FCCH, s = SCH, r = RACH TDMA frame
- = dummy burst
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
Signalling Channel Mapping
(BCCH +CCCH/9)
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f
f
i = idle TDMA frame
f
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
i i i
i i i
SDCCH 0
SDCCH 1
SDCCH 2
SDCCH 3
SDCCH 4
SDCCH 5
SDCCH 6
SDCCH 7
SDCCH 1
SDCCH 2
SDCCH 3
SDCCH 4
SDCCH 5
SDCCH 6
SDCCH 7
SDCCH 0
Downlink
Uplink
SACCH
0/4
SACCH
1/5
SACCH
2/6
SACCH
3/7
SACCH
6/2
SACCH
7/3
SACCH
4/0
SACCH
5/1
51 TDMA frames = 235 ms
1 51
1 51
Signalling Channel Mapping
(SDCCH/8 +SACCH/C4)
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Signalling Channel Mapping
New improved CCCH features in RG10
BSS20738 CS Paging Coordination in NMO II
BSS21538 Extended CCCH
Extended CCCH can be allocated to timeslot 2,4,6



BSS101411 Extended BCCH
For example Uncombined BCCH

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Channel configuration defined by parameter channelType

TCHF (0) = full rate traffic channel
TCHH (1) = half rate traffic channel (Note OSC double HR)
TCHD (2) = dual rate traffic channel
SDCCH (3) = standalone (SDCCH/8)
MBCCH (4) = broadcast control channel
MBCCHC (5) = BCCH + SDCCH/4
MBCCB (7) = BCCH + SDCCH/3 with CBCH
SDCCB (8) = SDCCH/7 with CBCH
NOTUSED (9) = timeslot has no radio definition or Abis allocation
ERACH (10) = random access channel of extended area
EGTCH (14) = EGPRS packed data traffic channel for extended area
LRTCH (15) = long reach traffic channel
Channel Mapping
Parameter Setting
Note:
Some values not allowed in certain tsl (e.g. TSL0
cant have value 8)
PBCCH is not supported in S13 and onwards
MO Class TR/RTSL
Parameter channelxType (CHx) where x = 07
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When static SDCCHs overbooked Free TCHs used for SDCCH traffic

Rules for dynamic SDCCH allocation:

SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of SDCCHs or no SDCCHs yet at all
SDCCH is configured to TRX with least number of occupied channels
If between different types of TCHs must be selected, the preference order is: HR, FR, DR
TCH
DFCA: SDCCH and Dynamic SDCCH not supported on DFCA TRXs (only on regular TRX)

Exceptions:

Configuration of any dynamic SDCCH resource in the BTS not possible
Only one TCH of the BTS is available

Dynamic SDCCH allocation + FACCH call set up enabled simultaneously
dynamic SDCCH allocation has higher priority


Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
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S13 Feature (Licence Based)

Up to 24 SDCCH channels for a BCCH TRX,
Up to 32 SDCCH channels for a non-BCCH TRX
Only supported by Ultrasite & Flexi BTS

Dynamic SDCCH must be activated in the BSC before Increased Dynamic SDCCH
Capacity can be activated.

TRXSIG of 64kbps is required for the feature
Increased Dynamic SDCCH Allocation
BSS21113
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SDCCH Allocation
2 TRX=16 channels
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
1
2
:
0
0
:
0
0

A
M
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0
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:
0
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A
M
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:
0
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:
0
0

A
M
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:
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:
0
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A
M
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:
0
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:
0
0

A
M
1
0
:
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:
0
0

A
M
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0
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:
0
0

P
M
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:
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:
0
0

P
M
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:
0
0
:
0
0

P
M
6
:
0
0
:
0
0

P
M
8
:
0
0
:
0
0

P
M
1
0
:
0
0
:
0
0

P
M
R
T
S
L
SDCCH
BCCH
PEAK_PERMANENT_GPRS_CH
AVE_GPRS_CHANNELS
AVE_TCH_BUSY_FULL
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TRX1 BCCH SDCCH SDCCH V/D V/D V/D V/D V/D
TRX2 SDCCH SDCCH V/D V/D V/D V/D D D
T
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_
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(
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/
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12:00:00 AM 32 5.0 18 6.3 4.0 9 9 0 0 8.48 0 4.7 8 2
1:00:00 AM 32 3.1 13 6.8 3.4 9 9 0 0 1.41 0 4.2 9 2
2:00:00 AM 32 1.7 12 5.2 2.9 7 7 0 0 0 0 5.8 9 2
3:00:00 AM 32 1.5 12 6.2 1.4 7 7 0 0 0 0 4.8 9 2
4:00:00 AM 32 1.6 10 8.0 1.7 5 5 0 0 0 0 3.0 9 2
5:00:00 AM 32 8.8 32 5.7 0.8 6 6 0 559 0 0 5.3 9 2
6:00:00 AM 32 5.2 18 4.3 1.1 6 6 0 0 0 0 6.7 9 2
7:00:00 AM 32 6.5 23 8.5 2.6 8 8 0 0 0 0 2.5 6 2
8:00:00 AM 32 4.8 20 6.6 2.2 7 7 0 0 0 0 4.4 9 2
9:00:00 AM 32 4.3 20 6.8 2.4 8 8 0 0 0 0 4.3 9 2
10:00:00 AM 32 5.2 32 7.5 2.6 9 9 0 2 0.21 0 3.5 9 2
11:00:00 AM 32 5.9 18 6.3 2.9 9 9 0 0 8.98 0 4.7 9 2
12:00:00 PM 32 5.9 19 6.8 3.9 9 9 0 0 13.52 0 4.2 8 2
1:00:00 PM 32 7.3 24 6.4 3.4 9 9 0 0 8.96 0 4.6 9 2
2:00:00 PM 32 6.8 30 6.2 3.9 9 9 0 0 44.05 0 4.8 8 2
3:00:00 PM 32 7.1 21 6.7 4.7 9 9 0 0 64.18 0 4.3 9 2
4:00:00 PM 32 7.7 23 6.6 3.9 9 9 0 0 25.61 0 4.4 8 2
5:00:00 PM 32 8.5 23 6.7 3.9 9 9 0 0 34.51 0 4.3 9 2
6:00:00 PM 32 10.7 27 8.3 5.9 9 9 0 0 320.58 0 2.7 7 2
7:00:00 PM 32 11.1 28 8.4 5.6 9 9 0 0 217.77 0 2.6 9 2
8:00:00 PM 32 10.4 30 7.8 5.5 9 9 0 0 284.15 0 3.2 8 2
9:00:00 PM 32 9.3 26 7.5 5.3 9 9 0 0 217.65 0 3.5 8 2
10:00:00 PM 32 8.3 22 7.5 5.2 9 9 0 0 185.36 0 3.5 9 2
11:00:00 PM 32 5.8 21 6.8 4.6 9 9 0 0 89.61 0 4.2 9 2
How SDCCH channels are planned?
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Alternative to dynamic SDCCH allocation (for call setup case)

Assignment of TCH to MS from CCCH instead of SDCCH
Call set up on FACCH instead on SDCCH

Parameters (SEG Level)

newEstabCausesSupport (NECI) Y/N Enables feature is general

Parameters (BSC level)

ordinaryCallOnFacch (EOF) Y/N Enables ordinary call set up on FACCH
emerCallOnFacch (EEF) Y/N Enables emergency call set up on FACCH
reestablishOnFacch (ERF) Y/N Enables call reestablishment on FACCH
pagingAnsOnFacch (EPF) Y/N Enables answer to paging call setup on FACCH
FACCH Call Set Up
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Mobile terminating call -> MSC performs paging

MS identifies paging message with the IMSI/TMSI
MS listens to own paging group only

SEG-BTS parameters








MSC parameters

Repaging Interval (INT) 0.5s10s Time between consecutive paging
attempts
Repaging Attempts (AT) 05 Number of paging repetitions

Buffering

BTS stores up to 8 paging messages of the MSC in page group buffer
BTS sends paging messages to MS according noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging
Paging Channel (PCH) Parameters
MO
Class
Abbreviated
Name
Range
And Step
Description Default
value
BSC - MML
Name
BTS noOfMFramesB
etweenPaging
2...9, step
1
Defines the number of multiframes between
two transmissions of the same paging
message to the MSs of the same paging
group.
4 MFR
Paging Channel (PCH) is a downlink channel, which is broadcast by all the BTSs of a Location Area in
the case of a mobile terminated call and SMS
The PCH is used to carry Paging Request messages for mobiles that the network wants to contact
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Mobile sends channel requests to BTS separated by random time intervals in case of no answer!

Parameters













Random time interval between consecutive retransmissions

t = S + random [0,.. numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans 1] RACH slots

S depends on numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans
signalling channel mapping (CCCH + SDCCH combined or not in one multi frame)
numberOfSlotsSpreadTrans = 10
signalling channel mapping = not combined S
= 58
Therefore t = 58..to..67 RACH slots
time channel requests
RACH Parameters
MO
Class
Abbreviated
Name
Range And Step Description Default
value
BSC - MML
Name
BTS maxNumberRetra
nsmission
1,2,4,7 Maximum number of retransmissions on the RACH
that the MS can perform.
4 RET
BTS nbrOfSlotsSpread
Trans
MML Range:
3..12, 14, 16, 20,
25, 32, 50
The number of TDMA frames over which
retransmission is spread on the RACH (random
access channel)
10 SLO
Random Access Channel (RACH) is the only uplink logical channel and the first point-to-point
channel in the common control channels. It is used by the mobile station to initiate a transaction, or
as a response to a PCH.
UL interference => lots of
retransmissions
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Network gives the MS dedicated resources

Downlink CCCH blocks

PCH can be used for AGCH messages
AGCH cannot be used for PCH messages

Reservation of CCCH blocks for AGCH

noOfBlocksForAccessGrant (AG) 0..7 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are not combined
1..7 possible number, if CBCH is used in non combined
configuration
0..2 possible number, if CCCH and SDCCH are combined

Preference of AGCH messages on PCH

noOfBlocksForAccessGrant 0 PCH can be used only, if no paging messages have to be
send
= 0 AGCH messages have higher priority than PCH ones

Number of paging groups

N = (number of CCCH blocks noOfBlocksForAccessGrant) * noOfMultiframesBetweenPaging
AGCH Parameters
Is used to assign to a mobile a Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel(SDCCH) (DL)
is used to assign radio resources to mobiles
used to send an Immediate Assignment Reject to up to four mobiles in answer to requests for radio
resources if none are available. Each Immediate Assignment or Reject message is carried within one
CCCH block
For example, if we have a non-combined configuration and
AG=3, this means that of the nine CCCH blocks, three are
reserved for AGCH while the remaining six can be used for
either PCH or AGCH
21 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Example - Signaling capacity

13 SDCCH channels needed
=>BCCH + SDCCH/8 (not combined)
=>BCCH + 2 SDCCH


Chs 1% 2% 3% 5% Chs 1% 2% 3% 5%
1 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.05 21 12.80 14.00 14.90 16.20
2 0.15 0.22 0.28 0.38 22 13.70 14.90 15.80 17.10
3 0.46 0.60 0.72 0.90 23 14.50 15.80 16.70 18.10
4 0.87 1.09 1.26 1.52 24 15.30 16.60 17.60 19.00
5 1.36 1.66 1.88 2.22 25 16.10 17.50 18.50 20.00
6 1.91 2.28 2.54 2.96 26 17.00 18.40 19.40 20.90
7 2.50 2.94 3.25 3.75 27 17.80 19.30 20.30 21.90
8 3.13 3.63 3.99 4.54 28 18.60 20.20 21.20 22.90
9 3.78 4.34 4.75 5.37 29 19.50 21.00 22.10 23.80
10 4.46 5.08 5.53 6.22 30 20.30 21.90 23.10 24.80
11 5.16 5.84 6.33 7.08 31 21.20 22.80 24.00 25.80
12 5.88 6.61 7.14 7.95 32 22.00 23.70 24.90 26.70
13 6.61 7.40 7.97 8.83 33 22.90 24.60 25.80 27.70
14 7.35 8.20 8.80 9.73 34 23.80 25.50 26.80 28.70
15 8.11 9.01 9.65 10.60 35 24.60 26.40 27.70 29.70
16 8.88 9.83 10.50 11.50 36 25.50 27.30 28.60 30.70
17 9.65 10.70 11.40 12.50 37 26.40 28.30 29.60 31.60
18 10.40 11.50 12.20 13.40 38 27.30 29.20 30.50 32.60
19 11.20 12.30 13.10 14.30 39 28.10 30.10 31.50 33.60
20 12.00 13.20 14.00 15.20 40 29.00 31.00 32.40 34.60


Traffic profile
Call establishment
number of cells 100
number of subscriber 50000
authentication and ciphering (sec) 7
subs/cell 500
authentication and ciphering sec => Erl 0.001944
SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) 0.972222
SMS
SMS/ subs/hour 5
MHT for SMS (sec) 6
SMS traffic (sec => Erl) 0.001667
SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) 4.166667
Location update
LU / Call 1
authentication and ciphering (sec) 7
authentication and ciphering sec => Erl 0.001944
SDCCH traffic (Erl/cell) 0.972222
Total SDCCH 6.111111
Check from Erlang B Tabl,
22 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Chs 1% 2% 3% 5% Chs 1% 2% 3% 5%
1 0. 01 0. 02 0. 03 0. 05 21 12. 80 14. 00 14. 90 16. 20
2 0. 15 0. 22 0. 28 0. 38 22 13. 70 14. 90 15. 80 17. 10
3 0. 46 0. 60 0. 72 0. 90 23 14. 50 15. 80 16. 70 18. 10
4 0. 87 1. 09 1. 26 1. 52 24 15. 30 16. 60 17. 60 19. 00
5 1. 36 1. 66 1. 88 2. 22 25 16. 10 17. 50 18. 50 20. 00
6 1. 91 2. 28 2. 54 2. 96 26 17. 00 18. 40 19. 40 20. 90
7 2. 50 2. 94 3. 25 3. 75 27 17. 80 19. 30 20. 30 21. 90
8 3. 13 3. 63 3. 99 4. 54 28 18. 60 20. 20 21. 20 22. 90
9 3. 78 4. 34 4. 75 5. 37 29 19. 50 21. 00 22. 10 23. 80
10 4. 46 5. 08 5. 53 6. 22 30 20. 30 21. 90 23. 10 24. 80
11 5. 16 5. 84 6. 33 7. 08 31 21. 20 22. 80 24. 00 25. 80
12 5. 88 6. 61 7. 14 7. 95 32 22. 00 23. 70 24. 90 26. 70
13 6. 61 7. 40 7. 97 8. 83 33 22. 90 24. 60 25. 80 27. 70
14 7. 35 8. 20 8. 80 9. 73 34 23. 80 25. 50 26. 80 28. 70
15 8. 11 9. 01 9. 65 10. 60 35 24. 60 26. 40 27. 70 29. 70
16 8. 88 9. 83 10. 50 11. 50 36 25. 50 27. 30 28. 60 30. 70
17 9. 65 10. 70 11. 40 12. 50 37 26. 40 28. 30 29. 60 31. 60
18 10. 40 11. 50 12. 20 13. 40 38 27. 30 29. 20 30. 50 32. 60
19 11. 20 12. 30 13. 10 14. 30 39 28. 10 30. 10 31. 50 33. 60
20 12. 00 13. 20 14. 00 15. 20 40 29. 00 31. 00 32. 40 34. 60
Erlang B Table
For reference in upcoming calculations
23 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Combined CCCH / SDCCH configuration

noOfBlocksForAccessGrant = 1 2 CCCH blocks for PCH

3 MSs paged per paging message 3 pages per block
2 blocks per multi frame 3 * 2 = 6 pages per multiframe


Number of pages per hour 3600 s / 0.235 s * 6 = 91915

Avg of 2 pages required per MS 91915 / 2 = 45957 MSs per
hour
BTS 3 MS
Paging_Request
BTS 3 MS
Paging_Request
Paging Capacity
Example
24 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Cell with 325 subscribers
1 call per subscriber once in a hour
1 location update (LU) per subscriber once in 2 hours

Duration of call assignment = 4 s 4 s / 3600 s = 1.11 mErl on SDCCH per
subscriber
325 subscribers 325 * 1.11 mErl = 0.3607 Erl on SDCCH

Reservation time for LU = 5s 5 s / 7200 s = 0.69 mErl on SDCCH per
subscriber
325 subscribers 0.2242 Erl on SDCCH

Total SDCCH traffic 0.3607 Erl + 0.2242 Erl = 0.5849 Erl
Blocking probability = 1% 4 SDCCHs required SDCCH combined with
CCCH can be used (MBCCHC)
SDCCH Signalling Capacity
Example with call Establishment & Location Update
25 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Same cell with 325 subscribers
Additional SMS traffic of 1 mErl per subscriber

325 subscribers 325 * 1 mErl = 0.325 Erl on SDCCH

Total SDCCH traffic 0.5849 + 0.325 Erl = 0.9099 Erl
Blocking probability = 1% 5 SDCCHs required not combined with
CCCH (MBCCH)
SDCCH Signalling Capacity
Example including SMS
26 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Base Station Identity Code BSIC = Network Colour Code NCC + Base Station Colour Code BCC

bsIdentityCode Setting of BSIC

NCC 0..7, distinguishes between PLMNs
BCC 0..7, distinguishes between clusters

BSIC + frequency channel unique identity of adjacent cell
f1
f2
f3
f1
f1
bcc = 1
bcc = 2
bcc = 3
Base Station Identity Code
27 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Training Sequence Code (TSC) 07

Defined on TRX level
Used to determine signal distortion and bit error rate
Note! In OSC TSC parameter is used to separate users
training
sequence
encrypted bits encrypted bits 3 3 1
stealing flag stealing flag
57 bits 57 bits 26 bits
1
tail bits tail bits
Burst on TCH
data difference = difference
expected burst
training sequence ? ?
received burst
correlation
data* data* training sequence*
data*
Training Sequence Code
28 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
200 kHz
890 915 935
960
1 2 3 4 124 123 1 2 3 4 124 123
duplex distance
Absolute radio frequency carrier number ARFCN
uplink direction
downlink direction
Example: GSM 900
Defining Frequency carrier number
29 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Frequency to be used by TRX (must be unique within a BTS)

initialFrequency (FREQ) 11023 Setting of ARFCNs

GSM 800: 128 .. 251
GSM 900: 1..124 and 975..1023, 0
GSM 1800: 512..885
GSM 1900: 512..810
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
f7
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
f7
f1
f2
f3
f4
f5
f6
f7
Frequency Reuse
30 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Defining BA list

bCCHAllocationList ID 12000 Indicates ARFCN values given by BCCH
allocation list
frequencyBandinUse 800, 900, 1800, 1900, Multi

Frequency list of ARFCN in the BAL
Idle mode MS listens on BCCH

idleStateBCCHAllocation (IDLE) 0,12000 0 = MS gets frequency information from
adjacent cells defined for the BTS
1..2000 = MS gets frequency information from
the defined BCCH allocation list

Dedicated mode MS listens on SACCH

measurementBCCHAllocation (ACT) ADJ = MS gets frequency information from
adjacent cells defined for the BTS
IDLE = active MS uses same BCCH freq list as
idle MS
Frequency Information for MS
31 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Frequency
Time
F
1
F
2
F
3
Call is transmitted through several frequencies to
average the interference (interference diversity)
minimise the impact of fading (frequency diversity)

Frequency hopping techniques


hoppingMode (HOP) BB,RF,N
BB = base band hopping (1)
RF = RF hopping (2)
N = no frequency hopping at all (0)
Principle of Frequency Hopping
32 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Baseband Hopping
TRX 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
0 1 7 2 Timeslot
TRX 4
BC
CH
f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
HSN1 (BB hopping group 1 and RF hopping)
Timeslot 0 hops over TRXs 2-4 only
BCCH does not hop
HSN2 (BB hopping group 2)
Timeslots 1-7 hop over all TRXs
TRXs do not hop
Physical channels moved from one TRX to another

Hopping sequence
hoppingSequenceNumber (HSN) 0..63
0 = cyclic hopping
1..63 = pseudorandom hopping
Base Band Hopping
33 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
RF Hopping
Standard technique
TRX 1
TRX 2
TRX 3
0 1 7 2 Timeslot
TRX 4
BC
CH
f1 no hopping
f2,f3..fn hopping according
mobile allocation list
One hopping sequence
number only
All TRXs hop except TRX1 (provides BCCH)
Up to 63 frequencies available defined by mobile allocation list -> better hopping gain

mobileAllocationList Setting of ARFCN values
usedMobileAllocation (MAL) 0,1...2000 0 = BTS detached from any list
1..2000 = indicates list which shall be used
34 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Standard technique

9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8
But 3 frequencies available for every TRX only

Freeform hopping

For every sector same
mobile allocation list
hopping sequence number
frame number (frame synchronization)

For every sector different
starting points for hopping sequence
possible by mobile allocation index offset

maioOffset (MO) 0..62

setting of MAIO

9 hopping hopping frequencies MAI = 0..8
9 frequencies available for every TRX
RF Hopping
Freeform Hopping
MAIO
Offset MAI
TRX-1 (BCCH) -
TRX-2 0
TRX-3 1
TRX-4 2
TRX-5 (BCCH) -
TRX-6 3
TRX-7 4
TRX-8 5
TRX-9 (BCCH) -
TRX-10 6
TRX-11 7
TRX-12 8
Sector-3 6
Sector-1 0
Sector-2 3
35 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Freeform hopping

Not adequate for MA list with consecutive ARFCN
values
Avoids co-channel interference but not adjacent
channel interference

Flexible MAIO management

MAIO increases with constant step size from one TRX
to the next one

maioStep (MS) 1..62

maioOffset = 0, 6, 12 for sector 1, 2, 3
maioStep = 2
18 frequencies required (2 * number of hopping TRXs)
RF Hopping
Flexible MAIO Management
MAIO
Offset
MAIO
Step MAI
TRX-1 (BCCH) -
TRX-2 0
TRX-3 2
TRX-4 4
TRX-5 (BCCH) -
TRX-6 6
TRX-7 8
TRX-8 10
TRX-9 (BCCH) -
TRX-10 12
TRX-11 14
TRX-12 16
Sector-3 2
0
6
12
Sector-1 2
Sector-2 2
36 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Site C
The sectors
share the same
HSN
MAIO Offset determines
the MAIO of the first
hopping TRX in each
sector
MAIOs for the rest of the hopping
TRXs are determined by adding
MAIO Step to the MAIO of the
previous hopping TRX
MAI value for each TDMA frame is calculated by
BTS and MS by using HSN and TDMA frame
number
No co- or adjacent channel
interference between
sectors
Transmitted frequencies for each
TRX during each TDMA frame
Single MA List Planning Case
(1/1 Frequency allocation reuse) MAIO Example
37 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
BCCH
Band allocation:
MA list
Consecutive ARFCN
Only BCCH frequency planning required
Flexible MAIO management
MAIO Offset + MAIO Step
BCCH
Band allocation:
MA list
Non-adjacent ARFCN
Freeform hopping
MAIO Offset
MA list and BCCH frequency planning required
RF Hopping (Tight Frequency Reuse)
38 Nokia Siemens Networks
R 255
G 211
B 8
R 255
G 175
B 0
R 127
G 16
B 162
R 163
G 166
B 173
R 137
G 146
B 155
R 175
G 0
B 51
R 52
G 195
B 51
R 0
G 0
B 0
R 255
G 255
B 255
Primary colours: Supporting colours:
Changing Frequency Plan
BSIC / TSC
Frequencies
Frequency hopping setting
Intelligent underlay overlay TRX settings
Plan downloaded to BSC/BTSs via MML or GUI
File-based plan provisioning
Immediate Plan activation method