STAPHYLOCCOCUS

 Gram positive
 Grapelike
 Few are capsulated
 Aerobic/facultative anaerobic
 Grows best in 35 C
 As a saprohrophyte
 Skin
 Mucous membrane
 Nose
 Mouth
 intestine
Pathology
 Abscess formation: localized inflammatory reaction that undergoes
suppuration
 Impetigo: painless ulcers in the lower extremities characterized by
honey colored crusts ( less than 10% )
 Scalded Skin Syndrome (Ritter’s disease): SSS toxin destroys the
basal lamina of the skin resulting in generalized exfoliative
dermatitis
 Pneumonia: in immunocompromised individuals
 Osteomyelitis: may lead to meningitis and endocarditis
 Ptomaine poisoning (Staphylococcal food poisoning):
 Incubation period of 1-8 hours after eating contaminated food
 S/Sx: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
 Due to ingestion of preformed enterotoxin specially in pastries, egg
and meat-based foodstuff
 Toxic Shock Syndrome
 Abrupt onset of high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia,
scarletiniform rash in the abdomen, later leads to hypotension,
cardiac and renal failure
 Commonly associated w/ prolonged use of tampoons
 Pathogenic determinants
 Capsule
 Enzymes
 coagulase- clotting of plasma
 Hyaluronidase- Duran reynal factor
 Staphylokinase- fibrinolytic activity
 Nuclease
 Lipase
 penicillinase
 toxins
 Exotoxin
 Alpha
 Beta
 delta

 Leukocidin
 Enterotoxin
 Exfoliative toxin
Osteomyelitis
Scalded skin syndrome
 Furuncle
 Acute  Age: Adult
 Staph.  Site: Neck, Wrist, Waist,
aureus
 Small, follicular Buttocks, Face
noduler -- Pustule-- Complication: Cavernous
Sinus thrombosis,
necrotic--discharge
(upper lip & check);
pus Septicemia (malnutrition)
 Painful
 Constitutional
symptoms
 Heals with scar
Furuncle
 Carbuncle
 Painful, hard lump
 Suppuration begins
 Extensive infection of a after 5-7 days
group of contagious  Pus discharge from
follicles multiple follicular
 Staph. aureus
orificies
 Middle or old age
 Necrosis of intervening
 Predisposing factors
 Diabetes
skin
 Large deep ulcer
 Malnutrition
 Severe  Constitutional
generalized
dermatoses symptoms
 During prolonged steroid
therapy
Carbuncle
 Staphylococcal scalded skin
Syndrome
• Exotoxin of
staphylococcus
(exfoliative toxin/
epidermolytic toxin)
• Infants and children
• Tender red skin
• Denuded skin
• Heals 7 - 14 day
• Don’t grow staph. from
blister fluid
• Complication 2%
▫ Cellulitis
▫ Pneumonia
 Toxic Shock Syndrome
 Toxic
shock
syndrome toxin
 (TSST-1)
 super antigen
 Tampon or infected
wound,
 TSST-1 enters blood
stream and cause
fever, rash, exfoliation
of skin and shock
(death rate 3%)
 Staphylococcus epidermidis
 S. albus
 Normal flora of the skin
 Stitch abscess blepharitis
 Coagulase positive
 Non hemolytic
 Porcelain white
 May cause infection associated with prosthetic
devices
Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
 Maycause UTI among sexually active
young women
 Other Staphylococci
21
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus; frequently involved in
nosocomial and opportunistic infections
 S. hominis – lives around apocrine sweat glands
 S. capitis – live on scalp, face, external ear
 All 3 may cause wound infections by penetrating through
broken skin.
 test
 Catalase test
 coagulase test
 Staining procedure