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BY
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SEMINAR OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PARAMETERS
CLASSIFICATION
CHARACTERISTIC PERFORMANCE OF HPC
ADMIXTURES IN HIGHSTRENGTH HPC
ADVANTAGES
FIELD CONDITIONS
APPLICATIONS
EXPECTATIONS
CONCLUSION




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WHAT IS HPC?
HPC is the concrete that has been
designed to be more durable and
stronger than conventional concrete.

Workability
Durability
Resistance to environmental conditions
Negligible permeability

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ACI DEFINITION
It is the concrete which meets special
performance and uniformity
requirements that cannot be achieved
by using only conventional materials
and normal mixing, placing and curing
practices.

Early age strength
Stability
Service life in environment conditions
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PARAMETERS
To obtain HPC the major parameters should
be considered

Quality and type of cement
Strength, size and cleanliness of Aggregate
Type of admixture chosen
Adequate mixing of the ingredients
Proper placing, finishing and compaction
of the fresh concrete




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HPC
Resistance to
wear and
deterioration
Resistance to
weathering
and chemicals
Economy
High
performance
PRINCIPLE
PARAMETERS
Appropriate
Cement type
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PARAMETER HIGH
STRENGTH
VERY HIGH
STRENGTH
ULTRA HIGH
STRENGTH
Strength 42-100 Mpa 100-150 Mpa >21,750 Mpa
W/C ratio 0.45-0.30 0.3-0.24 >0.24
Chemical
admixture
WRA/HRWR HRWR HRWR
Mineral
admixture
Fly ash or
silica fume
silica fume silica fume
Freeze-thaw
protection
Air
entrainments
Air
entrainment
No freezable
water
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HPC
Main parameters to be considered in
determining high performances are,
Early age strength
Compressive strength
Elastic modulus
Tensile strength
Modulus of rupture
Workability
Stability
Abrasion resistance
Fire resistance




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Constructibility
Low permeability to resist
a. Freezing and thawing
b. Chemical attack
c. Reinforcement corrosion
Generally primary characteristics of
HPC are,
Strength
Toughness
Prolonged life in severe environment
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WORKABILITY
The workability of HPC is normally
good, even at low slumps
It gives a workable mixture easy to
vibrate and fluid enough to be able to
pass through closely placed reinforcing
bars.
To achieve a goal of workable high
strength HPC, an increase in the
Superplasticizer content is necessary




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SUPER WORKABLE

Another type of HPC has been
developed for use in situations where
vibration is difficult or impossible and
where reinforcing steel is highly
congested. "Super-workable" or
"flowable" concrete has been
developed in Japan and used in both
bridge structures and buildings.

No HPC can be developed without the
use of High range water reducers

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FREEZING AND THAWING RESISTANCE

Concrete element
Freezable water content
Freeze-thaw damage
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HPC with pozzalona content ( silica fume )

20-30%
Marginal
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CHEMICAL RESISTANCE






Destructive
expansion and
deterioration
Sulphate attack,
Carbonation
Pozzolonic material
( Fly ash, Silica fume )
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Physical process
Cracking
Fresh Concrete
Plastic shrinkage
Plastic settlement
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ABRASION RESISTANCE

Abrasion resistance of concrete is of major
importance in highway pavements and
concrete bridge decks.

Most concretes used thus far in highway
pavement and bridge decks have had a lower
compressive strength and lower performance
Which results damaged by freeze and thaw ,
deicing salts and other environmental effects.

With the present availability of high strength
HPC, it is economically sound to use these
concrete, particularly in bridge decks.


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ADMIXTURES
ACCELERATING
AIR ENTRAINING
MINERAL
CHEMICAL
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ACCELARATING ADMIXTURES
These are added to the concrete mixture to
reduce the time of setting and accelerate
Early strength development
AIR ENTRAINING ADMIXTURE
It is used to increase the workability of the
mixture during placing
Most of the admixtures are in liquid form
WATER REDUCING ADMIXTURES
These are added to increase the strength of the
concrete and they are mostly water soluble

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MINERAL ADMIXTURES
FLYASH
Effects in fresh concrete

Workability Volume is increased
Less water content

Bleeding Less water content

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Effects in hardened concrete

Compressive strength lower comp.stregth at
early ages

Long term behaviour
It is measured by creep and drying shrinkage
deformations
Creep is affected by the temperature effects
and moisture conditions
Drying shrinkage is influenced by
Environmental conditions such as humidity,
ambient temperature, cement content etc.,





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Addition of mineral admixtures typically
reduces the permeability of concrete.

AIR ENTRAINING
Fly ash used concrete requires a dosage of
air entraining admixture and it depends on
Fly ash composition
Carbon content absorb the admixture
Reduce the effectiveness
Fineness





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Increased amount of fly ash requires high
% of air entraining admixture.
Use fly ash reduces the degree of
aggregate silica reaction and its harmful
effects in concrete.
Addition of fly ash does not affect the
shrinkage behaviour of the concrete.
Negligible low permeability,
But freezing effect may induced due to this
low permeability.
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SILICA FUME
It is the popular element of HPC, It gives
the pozzolonic reaction as well as
beneficial contribution of concrete
It is easy in collection compare to fly ash
Proportions of silica fume in concrete
mixtures varies from 5 to 20% by wt. of
cement. In special situations 30% may be
used.
Water demand is greatly increased with
increasing proportion of silica fume as a
result water reducing agents are needed.
Permeability is reduced., but air entraining
agents should be used to avoid the
freezing.

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HIGH REACTIVITY METAKAOLIN
Mineral admixture (calcined clay)

Good pozzolonic material

Manufacturing from natural kaolin

White colour



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Wet and dry process

Size of 1.5m, sp.gravity 2.5

5 to 10% of metakaolin in mixture gives high
strength HPC

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CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE
Example: Polymers

Polymer Impregnated concrete
Good bond
High compressive and tensile stress
Long term durability
It is used in bridge decks
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HPC is concrete specifically designed for a
particular application; it is made of
essentially the same basic materials as
conventional concrete but newer
technologies are used to design for added
durability and strength.
HPC is one of the safest construction
materials as far as fire resistance is
concerned.
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HIGH RANGE WATER REDUCING
ADMIXTURES(SUPERPLASTICIZERS)

Dosage of 1 to 2% is advisable
Higher dosages can result in a reduction
of compressive strength unless the cement
content is increased to balance this
reduction effect
It does not affect the workability of
concrete

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BENEFITS

Overall life of the structure is extended.

The period of time until maintenance is
needed is much longer than conventional
concrete therefore there is less disruption to the
public due to repairs and less maintenance
costs.

HPC is less permeable than conventional
concrete which makes it more resistant to salts
in seawater, freeze-thaw cycles, and damage
caused by chemical deicing.


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longer life in severe environments

less material

reduced maintenance

extended life cycle

aesthetics
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FIELD CONDITIONS AND RELATED
CHARACTERISTICS
Field Conditions
Climate:
Temperature fluctuations
Ambient Moisture
Exposure:
Applied salts/salt water,
Aggressive chemicals
Loads:
Traffic, wind, earthquake






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Related Characteristics
Thermal expansion/contraction
Freezing and thawing resistance
Chloride permeability
Scaling resistance
Chemical resistance
Abrasion resistance
Creep/shrinkage
Strength
Modulus of elasticity
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ADVANTAGES OF HPC
Reduction in the self weight
Reduction in form work area and cost
Longer beams and fewer beams for the
same magnitude of loading
Reduction in number of supports and
supporting foundations due to increase in
spans.
Superior long term service performance
under Static,Dynamic and Fatiigue
loading
Reduced maintenance and repair cost


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APPLICATIONS OF HIGH PERFORMANCE
CONCRETE
Buildings
Bridges
Road pavements
Airports
Seaports
Mass transportation systems
Waterways
Treatment plants
Offshore platforms
Misile defense silos
Space launching pads


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Pavements
During the past decade, there has been an
increasing interest in using high performance
concrete for highway pavements.

The main reason for this heightened interest is the
potential economic benefit that can be derived
from the early strength gain of high performance
concrete, its improved freeze-thaw durability,
reduced permeability, and increased wear
resistance.

While the conventional normal strength concrete
continue to be used in most cases of pavement
construction, different types of high performance
concrete are being considered for repair and
rehabilitation projects on experimental basis.





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Bridges
The benefits of using high strength
concrete for bridges are well known to
bridge engineers. Over the past several
years, there have been a series of design
studies published in the literature, all
leading to the same conclusion that the
use of high strength concrete would enable
the standard prestressed concrete girders
to span longer distances or to carry heavier
loads
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EXPECTATIONS ON HPC
High strength durable concrete will
dominate the new and rehabilitated
infrastructure in the new millennium.
It will have to contain blast furnace slag
or pozzolonas, particularly fly ash and silica
fume, to minimize or eliminate voids in the
cement paste.
Mixing procedures and equipment
would have to be modified considerably
using high speed mixers instead of truck
mixing to place concrete in the forms









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CONCLUSIONS

The growth of the amount of research and
applications of high performance concrete
has been phenomenal in the past seven or
eight years. High performance concrete has
become widely accepted practically on all
continents.

A generalized definition of high performance
concrete seems to have been accepted by
the engineering community. Such a definition
is based on achievement of certain
performance requirements or characteristics
of concrete for a given application that
otherwise can not be obtained from normal
concrete as a commodity product.





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Increasing emphasis is being placed on
concrete durability than its strength. In
many applications, high strength concrete
is used only because of its high durability
quality rather than the need for its strength.
There has been an enormous amount of
research performed on durabilty of
concrete, but without much correlation
largely because the property is "material
specific" and dependent on test methods.
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Recent Examples of Success
Building Big

Petronas Twin Towers, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Tallest structures in world (1483 ft,
88 stories) novel use of high
performance concrete
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SUNSHI NE SKYBRI DGE
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