KOENIG-SOLUTIONS

KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Course Objectives
This is an introductory course into the world of Cisco networking. Upon
completion of this course, you will be able to perform the following tasks:

1)Determine when to use a hub, Ethernet switch,
or multiprotocol router.

2)Use Cisco software to identify interfaces,
protocols, addresses, and connectivity.

3)Interconnect switches and routers according to
a specification.

4)Configure switches and routers to support LAN
and WAN services.
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Course Topics
VLAN 2
Core Server
Legend
Fast Ethernet/
Ethernet
ISDN
Dedicated
ISL
ISL
ISL
ISL
VLAN 1
VLAN 1
VLAN 3
ISDN
Cloud
Leased Line/
Frame Relay
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
What Are The Components Of A
Network ?
Main Office Branch Office
Home
Office
Mobile
Users
Internet
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
What Are The Components Of A
Network ?
Floor 2
Floor 1
Server Farm
Branch
Office
Telecommuter
ISDN
Remote Campus
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Network Structure & Hierarchy
Distribution
Layer
Core Layer
Access
Layer
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Functions of Different Layers
Access Layer : End-station entry point to the
network
Distribution Layer : Access layer aggregation point
Traffic routing
Broadcast/multicast domains
Media translation
Security
Possible point for remote access
Core layer : Fast transport to enterprise
services
No packet manipulation
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
OSI Model
Data Flow
Layers
Transport
Data-Link
Network
Physical
Application
(Upper)
Layers
Session
Presentation
Application
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Upper Layers
Keeping different
applications data
separate
User interface
How data is presented
Special processing
such as encryption
Telnet
FTP
ASCII
EBCDIC
JPEG
Operating System/
Application Access
Scheduling
Transport
Data-Link
Network
Physical
Examples
Session
Presentation
Application
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Data Flow Layers
TCP
UDP
SPX
EIA/TIA-232
V.35
IP
IPX
Presentation
Application
Session
Examples
Reliable or unreliable delivery
Error correction before retransmit
Combines bits into bytes and
bytes into frames
Access to media using MAC address
Error detection, not correction
Move bits between devices
Specifies voltage, wire speed, and
pinout cables
Transport
Data-Link
Physical
Network
Provide logical addressing that
routers use for path determination
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Data Encapsulation
Transport
Data-Link
Physical
Network
Upper-Layer Data
Upper-Layer Data TCP Header
Data IP Header
Data LLC Header
0101110101001000010
Data MAC Header
Presentation
Application
Session
Segment
Packet
Bits
Frame
PDU
FCS
FCS
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Data De-Encapsulation
Upper-Layer Data
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper-Layer Data
IP + TCP + Upper-Layer Data
TCP+ Upper-Layer Data
Upper-Layer Data
0101110101001000010
Transport
Data-Link
Physical
Network
Presentation
Application
Session
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Physical Layer
Defines
Media type
Connector type
Signaling type
8
0
2
.
3

P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l

802.3 is responsible for LANs based on the carrier sense multiple access
collision detect (CSMA/CD) access methodology. Ethernet is an example
of a CSMA/CD network.
EIA/TIA-232 and V.35 are physical standards that support synchronous serial.
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Physical Layer: Ethernet/802.3
Hub
Hosts
Host
10Base2Thin Ethernet
10Base5Thick Ethernet
10BaseTTwisted Pair
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Device Used At Layer 1
A B C D
Physical
All devices are in the same collision domain.
All devices are in the same broadcast domain.
Devices share the same bandwidth.
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Hubs & Collision Domains
More end stations means
more collisions.
CSMA/CD is used.
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Layer 2 : Data Link Layer
Defines:
Physical source and
destination addresses
Higher-layer protocol
(service access point)
associated with frame
Network topology
Frame sequencing
Flow control

D
a
t
a
-
L
i
n
k

P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l

EIA/TIA-232
V.35
802.2
802.3
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Layer 2 (contd.)
Data
Source Address
FCS
Length
Destination Address
Variable 2 6 6 4
0000.0C xx.xxxx
Vendor
Assigned
IEEE Assigned
MAC Layer802.3
Preamble
Ethernet II
uses Type
here and
does not use
802.2.
MAC Address
8 Number of Bytes
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Layer 2 (contd.)
Data
Destination
SAP
Source
SAP
Data
Source
Address
FCS Length
Destination
Address
Variable 1 1
802.2 (SAP)
Control
1 or 2
3 2
Preamble
Data
Destination
SAP
AA
Source SAP
AA
Variable 1 1
802.2 (SNAP)
Control
03
1 or 2
OR
OUI
ID
Type
Number of Bytes
Number of Bytes
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Devices On Layer 2
(Switches & Bridges)
Each segment has its own collision domain.
All segments are in the same broadcast domain.
Data-Link
OR
1 2 3 1 2 4
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Switches
Each segment is its
own collision domain.
Broadcasts are
forwarded to all
segments.
Memory
Switch
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Layer 3 : Network Layer

Defines logical
source and
destination
addresses
associated with a
specific protocol
Defines paths
through network
Interconnects
multiple data links
N
e
t
w
o
r
k

IP, IPX
D
a
t
a
-
L
i
n
k

P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l

EIA/TIA-232
V.35
802.2
802.3
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Layer 3 : (contd.)
Data
Source
Address
Destination
Address
IP Header
172.15.1.1
Node Network
Logical
Address
Network Layer End-Station Packet
Route determination occurs at this layer, so a packet must include a source
and destination address.
Network-layer addresses have two components: a network component for internetwork routing,
and a node number for a device-specific address. The example in the figure is an example of an
IP packet and address.
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Layer 3 (contd.)
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100
Binary
Mask
Binary
Address
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
172 16 122 204
255
Address Mask
255 0 0
Network Host
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Layer 3 (contd.)
Routing Table
NET INT Metric
1
2
4
S0
S0
E0
1
0
0
1.0 4.0
1.3
E0
4.3
S0
2.2
E0
2.1
S0
4.1
4.2
1.1
1.2
Routing Table
NET INT Metric
1
2
4
E0
S0
S0
0
0
1
Logical addressing allows for hierarchical network.
Configuration is required.
Configured information identifies paths to networks.
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Devices On Layer 3
Routers
Broadcast control
Multicast control
Optimal path determination
Traffic management
Logical addressing
Connects to WAN services

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Where To Use Routers
Internet
Telecommuter
Branch Office
Modem or ISDN Terminal Adapter
Mobile User
Main Office
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Layer 4 : Transport Layer
Distinguishes between
upper-layer applications
Establishes end-to-end
connectivity between
applications
Defines flow control
Determines Connection-
less or Connection
Oriented Data delivery

N
e
t
w
o
r
k

IPX IP
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t

SPX TCP UDP
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Reliable Service
Synchronize
Acknowledge, Synchronize
Acknowledge
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
Sender Receiver
Connection Established
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
How They Operate
Hub Bridge Switch Router
Collision Domains:
1 4 4 4
Broadcast Domains:
1 1 1 4
KOENIG-SOLUTIONS
Summary
After completing this chapter, you should be able
to perform the following tasks:
Describe how data moves through a network.
Identify the roles and functions of routers, switches, and
hubs, and specify where each device best fits in the
network.
Select the appropriate Cisco equipment for a network
that combines switching, routing, and remote access
requirements.