Prepared By: Charles Bong Hin Joo

KNF2033 ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS

III
LINEAR SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS
(GAUSS ELIMINATION)
Prepared By: Dr. Charles Bong Hin Joo
Gauss Elimination
Prepared By: Dr. Charles Bong Hin Joo
Gaussian Elimination Method
Consider a system of m equations in n unknowns given by
AX=B.

Consider the augmented matrix [A l B]. Apply elementary row
operations on both A and B such that A reduces to an upper
triangular matrix.







The n unknowns x
1
, x
2
, x
n
are solved by back substitution
i.e., first solve the last equation for x
n
, then solve the last
but one equation for x
n-1
and so on.


n n nn
n n
n n
n n
b x a
b x a x a
b x a x a x a
b x a x a x a x a
=
= + +
= + + +
= + + + +
* * *
3
*
3 3
*
33
2
*
2 3
*
23 2
*
22
1 1 3 13 2 12 1 11

..... .......... .......... ..........
....
....
....
Prepared By: Dr. Charles Bong Hin Joo
Gaussian Elimination Method
Example

6 2 4
4 2 3
9 2 3 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
= +
= +
= +
x x x
x x x
x x x
Prepared By: Dr. Charles Bong Hin Joo
Gaussian Elimination Method
Solution



(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

(
(
(

6 2 4 1
4 1 2 3
9 2 3 2
form augmented In
6
4
9
2 4 1
1 2 3
2 3 2
3
2
1
x
x
x
(
(
(

(
(
(

+ +
(
(
(

(
(
(

2 1 2 0
5
3
5
2
1 0
6 2 4 1
7
1
) 3 ( ,
5
1
) 2 (
14 7 14 0
3 2 5 0
6 2 4 1
) 1 ( 3 ) 3 ( ), 1 ( 2 ) 2 (
4 1 2 3
9 2 3 2
6 2 4 1
) 3 ( ~ ) 2 (
9 2 3 2
4 1 2 3
6 2 4 1
) 3 ( ~ ) 1 (
Prepared By: Dr. Charles Bong Hin Joo
Gaussian Elimination Method
(
(
(

(
(
(
(
(
(

+
4 1 0 0
5
3
5
2
1 0
6 2 4 1
) 5 ( ) 3 (
5
4
5
1
0 0
5
3
5
2
1 0
6 2 4 1
) 2 ( 2 ) 3 (
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

(
(
(

4
5
3
6
1 0 0
5
2
1 0
2 4 1
3
2
1
x
x
x
2 6 8 4 6 2 4
1 1
5
8
5
3

5
3
5
2
4 4
upwards working row, bottom the from Expanding
1 1 3 2 1
2 2 3 2
3 3
= = + = +
= = + = =
= =
x x x x x
x x x x
x x
Prepared By: Dr. Charles Bong Hin Joo
Gaussian Elimination Method
Now you try it!!


3
5 3 2
2
= + +
= +
= +
z y x
z x
z y
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Gauss Elimination (overdetermined)

Example
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Gauss Elimination (overdetermined)
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Gauss Elimination (overdetermined)
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Gauss Elimination (overdetermined)
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Gauss Elimination (underdetermined)
Example
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Gauss Elimination (underdetermined)
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Gauss Elimination (underdetermined)
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Gauss Elimination (determined)
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Gauss Elimination (no solution)
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Gauss Elimination (no solution)
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Now you try it!!

A firm produces three products, A, B and C which require
processing by three machines. The time (in hours) required
for processing one unit of each product by the three
machines is as follows:






Machine I is available for 850 hours, machine II for 1200
hours and machine III for 550 hours. How many units of
each product should be produce to make use of all the
available time on the machine?


(
(
(

1 1 2
4 2 1
2 1 3
A B C
Machine I
Machine II
Machine III
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Echelon Form

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Echelon Form
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