The Quran is the Arabic Speech of

Allah, which He revealed to Prophet

Muhammad in wording and meaning,
and has been preserved in the mushafs,
and has reached us by mutawaatir
transmission, and is a challenge to
mankind to produce something similar
to it.
Quran root word is QARAA
meaning read or recite. Hence,
Quran means the reading or
the recitation

And (it is) a Quran which We have
divided (into parts), in order that you
might recite it to men at intervals
17:106
Quran (recitation) mentioned 73 times 17:88

Kitab (book) mentioned 77 times (2:1-2)

Furqan (Criterion) 4 times

Dhikr (Reminder) mentioned 55 times

Tanzeel (Revelation) over 140 times

Islam holds that the Quran was
revealed to Muhammad by the angel
Jibrl (Gabriel) from 610 CE to his
death in 632 CE.Followers of Islam
further believe that the Quran was
written down by Muhammad's
companions while he was alive, although
the prime method of transmission was
oral.
Wisdom behind gradual revelation
1. To strengthen resolve 25:32
2. To simplify memorization and understanding
3.) To prove the truthfulness of the Prophet 25:33
4.) To prove the miraculous nature of the Quran 4:82
5.) To reveal the laws of Islam

Text of the quran
The text of the Quran consists of
114 chapters of varying lengths, each
known as a sura
Each surah consist of several
ayat(verses)
There are seven stations(manzil) of
quran
number of surah, ayat words letters in quran
114 chapters(surah)
6207 verses(ayat)*
77,934 words*
323,671 letters*
Main themes:
Creed or matters of Belief (Aqeedah)
Stories and History
Laws



Revealed Piecemeal from 610-632
Compilation
Written down or memorized by Muslims during
the lifetime of Muhammad
632 Abu Bakr orders a comprehensive copy
made, held by Hafsa, daughter of Umar
Uthmanic text: disagreements lead Uthman to
order one consonantal text in 650 (on camel
parchment). Oldest full test of Quran comes
from the mid 900s
Preservation of the
Quran

Verily, We have revealed the Reminder,
and verily We shall preserve it. (15:9)

History of Quran

9th century Qur'an
History in the
Prophet(PBUH) era

According to hadith and Muslim history, after
Muhammad migrated to Medina and formed an
independent Muslim community, He(SAW)
ordered a considerable number of the companions
(sahaba) to recite the Quran and to learn and
teach the laws which were being revealed daily.
Companions who engaged in the recitation of the
Quran were called qurra'. Since most sahaba
were unable to read or write, they were ordered
to learn from the prisoners-of-war the simple
writing of the time. Thus a group of sahaba
gradually became literate. , the Quran did not
exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's
death in 632.

Compilation of Quran
Why wasnt it compiled during the life of the
Prophet(SAW)?
The Quran was written down in totality
but the Prophet didnt order that it be
compiled between two covers
Quran continued to be revealedlast
verse nine days before death
Quran not in chronological order


Compilation of the Quran
Mus'haf by Hazrat Ali(RA) immedediatly
after the death of the Holy prophet (SAW).
1
st
compilation by Abu Bakr in 12 AH after
the Battle of Yamaamah

2
nd
compilation by Uthman 24-25 AH

Quran as a Book
Types of material:
Hortatory/didactic: believe, do good deeds, fear God,
beware the Day of Judgment, obey God and his Prophet
Narrative: tales of Moses, Abraham, Noah, Salih
Predictive/Eschatological: fate of believers and
unbelievers, creation and end of the world
Polemical: claims of Muhammads opponents, the
failings of the People of the Book
Doctrinal: the nature of God
Legal: less than 500 verses deal with law and ritual
Structure of Quran:
Not a continuous narrative
Contextual azbab al-nuzul = occasions of revelation
Ellipticalism: assumes audience knowledge
Person: God as beyond language He, I We and God
Book of guidance
The Qur'an itself expresses that it is the
book of guidance. Therefore it rarely
offers detailed accounts of historical
events; the text instead typically placing
emphasis on the moral significance of an
event rather than its narrative
sequence.Muslims believe the Qur'an
itself to be the main miracle of
Muhammad and a proof of his
prophethood.
Part of a series on the Qur'an
11th Century North African
Quran in the British Museum

Recitation

...and recite the Quran in slow, measured
rhythmic tones.Qur'an 73:4
One meaning of Quran is "recitation", the
Quran itself outlining the general method of
how it is to be recited: slowly and in rhythmic
tones. Tajwid is the term for techniques of
recitation, and assessed in terms of how
accessible the recitation is to those intent on
concentrating on the words.
Three conditions for
canonical recitation of the
Quran
A canonical recitation must satisfy three
conditions:
It must match the rasm, letter for letter.
It must conform with the syntactic rules
of the Arabic language.
It must have a continuous isnad to
Muhammad through tawatur, meaning that
it has to be related by a large group of
people to another down the isnad chain.
Virtue of the Quran

The best of you is he who learns the
Quran and teaches it to others.
(Bukhari)
I have certainly left among you two
matters, that if you adhere to
them, you will never be misguided:
the book of Allah and the Sunnah
of His prophet (Malik)

Virtue of Quran

And if there had been a Quran with which mountains
could be moved (from their places), or the earth
could be cloven asunder, or the dead could be made
to speak (it would not have been other than this
Quran). But the decision of all things is certainly with
Allah. Have not then those who believed yet known
that had Allah willed, He could have guided all
mankind? 13:31


The oldest Quranic
manuscripts



Page of a 13th century Quran, showing Sura 33: 73

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Quran in Kufic script from
the 700s CE

Quran
from
Andalusia
(Spain)
From the
1100s CE
back

Quran
dated 1341
CE

Quran dated 641 AH / 1243 CE
Page from a
Quran from
the 1
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Islamic
century/
7
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Century
CE
Translations

Translation of the Quran has always been a
problematic and difficult issue. Since Islam
regards the Quran as miraculous and inimitable
(i'jaz al-Quran),many argue that the Quranic
text can not be reproduced in another language or
form. Furthermore, an Arabic word may have a
range of meanings depending on the context,
making an accurate translation even more
difficult. Nevertheless, the Quran has been
translated into most African, Asian and European
languages
Translation
The first translator of the Quran was Salman the
Persian, who translated Fatihah into Persian
during the 7th century.
The first complete translation of Quran was into
Persian during the reign of Samanids in the 9th
century

The Quran is also tranlated in english,afrecian,or
some other westren lanuagues .
An Arabic Quran with
Persian translation.
May ALLAH bless you and
give you to his right path:-

the path of those who thou
has favoured;Not( the
path) of thou who earn
thine anger nor of those
who go astray
AMEEN(1:6,7)
Reference:
1.www.google.com
2.www.yahoo.com
3.www.wlipedia.com
4.www.secure.istocphoto.com
5.Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall
Memorization of Quran

And We have indeed made the Quran
easy to understand and remember, then
is there any one who will remember (or
receive admonition)? (54:17)
It will be said to the companion of
the Quran: Recite and rise in status,
recite as you used to recite in the
world, for your status will be at the
last verse that you recite. (Abu
Dawood) back


Making Mus'haf

The order of this mus'haf differed
from that gathered later during
Uthman's era. Despite this, Ali made
no objection or resistance against
standardized mus'haf, but kept his
own book.

THE ORIGNAL MUSHAF
back
After seventy reciters were killed in the
Battle of Yamama, the caliph Abu Bakr
decided to collect the different chapters
and verses into one volume. Thus, a group
of reciters, including Zayd ibn Thabit,
collected the chapters and verses and
produced several hand-written copies of
the complete book.
back
In about 650, as Islam expanded beyond the Arabian
peninsula into Persia, the Levant and North Africa,
the third caliph Uthman ibn Affan ordered the
preparation of an official, standardized version, in
order to preserve the sanctity of the text (and
perhaps to keep the Rashidun Empire united, see
(Uthman Qur'an). Five of the reciters from amongst
the companions produced a unique text from the first
volume which had been prepared on the orders of Abu
Bakr and which was kept with Hafsa bint Umar. The
other copies already in the hands of Muslims in other
areas were collected and sent to Medina where, on
orders of the Caliph, they were destroyed by burning
or boiling. This remains the authoritative text of the
Quran to this day.back