CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION


COLLEGE OF NURSING
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE
EARLY CPR SAVES
LIFE
Cardiac or respiratory arrest
can occur at any time to
individuals of all ages.
It is a crisis event that can be the
result of and accident (foreign
body aspiration, motor vehicle
accident, drowning) or a disease
process (cardiac
arrhythmiaa,epiglottis).
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is
the basic life-saving skill that is utilized in
the event of cardiac, respiratory, or
cardiopulmonary arrest to maintain tissue
oxygenation by providing external cardiac
compressions and artificial respiration.

-SUSAN RANDOLPH & CATHERINE
Goals of CPR
A: Establish Airway

B: Initiate Breathing

C: Maintain Circulation
Initiate CPR immediately
once cardiac arrest has
occurred.
Lack of oxygen to the
tissues can result in
permanent cardiac and
brain damage within 4 to
6 minutes.
STEPS FOR PERFORMING ADULT
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
1. Check victims responsiveness
2. Activate the Emergency Medical Service
3. Position the unresponsive victim
4. Open the victims airway
5. Check for breathing
6. Give 2 slow breaths
7. Check for a pulse
8. Perform rescue procedures based on findings :
either rescue breathing or CPR.
If you see a motionless
person
Check responsiveness
If spine injury is suspected, move
victim only if absolutely
necessary.
Tap victims shoulder.
Shout near victims ear, Are you
okay?
Activate the EMS for help

Ask a by stander to call the local
emergency telephone number.
If you are alone, shout for help
Roll person on to back
Gently roll victims head,
body, and legs over at the same
time.
Do this without further injuring
the victim.
Open airway( use head-tilt/chin lift
method)
Place your hand that is nearest victim's
forehead and apply backward pressure to tilt
head back.
Place fingers of your other hand under
bony part of jaw near chin and lift. Avoid
pressing on soft tissues under jaw.
Tilt head backward without closing victim's
mouth.
Do not use your thumb to lift the chin.
IF YOU SUSPECT A SPINE
INJURY
Do not move victims head or
neck. First try lifting chin
without tilting head back. If
breaths do not go in, slowly and
gently bend the head back until
breaths go in.
Check for breathing (take 3-5
seconds)
Place your ear over victims mouth
and nose while keeping airway open.
Look at victims chest to check for
rise and fall.
Listen and
Feel for breathing.
Give 2 slow breaths
Keep head tilted back with head-tilt/ chin lift to keep
airway open.
Pinch nose shut.
Take a deep breath and seal your lips tightly around
victims mouth.
Give 2 slow breaths, each lasting 11/2 to 2 seconds
(you should take a breath after each breath given to
victim)
Watch chest rise to see if your breaths go in.
Allow for chest deflation after each breath.
If first breath did not go in
Retilt the head and try another
breath. If second breath is
unsuccessful, suspect chocking,
also known as foreign body
airway obstruction.
Check for pulse (take 5-10 second)
Maintain head tilt with your hand nearest the
victims head on forehead.
Locate Adams apple with 2 or 3 fingers of
hand nearer victims feet.
Slide your fingers down into groove of neck on
side closest to you.
Feel for carotid pulse (take 5-10 seconds).
Carotid artery is used because it lies close to
the heart and is accessible.
Perform rescue procedures based on
what you found ,If there is a pulse but
no breathing
Give one rescue breath every 5 to 6 seconds.
Use the same techniques for rescuer
breathing a given in step 6 but give only one.
Every minute (10 to 12 breaths) stop and
check the pulse to make sure there is a a
pulse. .continue until:
Victim starts breathing on his or her own.
If there is no pulse, give CPR
Find hand position:
1. Slide the fingers of your hand nearest the
victims feet up rib cage edge nearer to you to
notch at the end of sternum.
2. Place your middle finger on or in the notch
and the index finger next to it.
3. Place heel of the opposite hand on sternum
next to index finger.
4. Remove hand from notch and put it on top of
hand on chest.
5. Interlace, hold, or extend fingers up.
Do 15 compressions
1. Place your shoulders directly over your hands on the
chest
2. Keep arms straight and elbows locked.
3. Push sternum straight down 11/2 to2 inches.
4. Do 15 compressions at a rate of 80 per minute. Count as
you push down: one and, two and, three and, four and
five and, six and seven and ,fifteen and.
5. Push smoothly: do not jerk or jab: do not stop at the top or
at the bottom of the compression action
6. When pushing, bend from your hips, not knees.
7. Keep fingers pointing across victims chest, away from
you.
Give 2 slow breathes
Complete 3 more cycles of 15
compressions and 2 breaths (takes
about 1 minute), then check the pulse.
If there is no pulse, restart CPR with
chest compressions. Recheck the pulse
every few minutes. If there is a pulse,
give rescue breathing.
Reassess the client after four cycles.
Continue CPR
until: victim
revives.
WHEN TO DISCONTINUE CPR
Cardiac arrest persists for 30 minutes
with or without CPR.
A physician declares the client dead.
When the patient regains
spontaneous respirations and
circulation.
CARDIO PULMONARY
STANDARDS
Adult, adolescent, and larger child
Hand position: Two hands on top of each other, heel
on sternum., two finger widths above xiphoid.
Chest compression depth
3.8 -5.0 cm (1 1/2-2 inches)
Chest compression rate
80-100 / minute
Chest compression to ventilation ratio
15:2(one rescuer)
5:1 (two rescuer)
Child(1-7)
Hand position: One hand, heel on sternum,
two finger widths above xiphoid.
Chest compressions Depth
2.5-3.8cm ( 1-1/2inches)
Chest compression rate
80-100/minute
Chest compression to ventilation ratio
5:1 (one rescuer)
3:1 (two rescuer)
Infant
Hand position:
Two fingers (index and middle) midsternum
1cm below nipples
Chest compression depth
1.3-2.5cm (1/2-1inches)
Chest compression rate
100/minute
Chest compression to ventilation ratio
5:1 (one rescuer)
3:1 (two rescuer)
Neonate
Hand position: Encircle chest with
hands,, thumbs over midsternum.
Chest compression depth
1.3-1.8 cm(1/2-3/4 inch)
Chest compression rate
100-120/minute
Chest compression to ventilation ratio
5:1 (one rescuer)
3:1 (two rescuer)
THANK YOU