Taxonomy of Learning

Syarif Husin
Learning Objectives
Understand the taxonomy of learning
Describe the taxonomy
Utilize the taxonomy in methods of
learning
Key Questions
What is taxonomy ?
Why do we need the taxonomy in
medical education ?
What are the most popular taxonomy
of learning ?
How are their taxonomy of learning

What is taxonomy ?
.
.
.
Why do we need the
taxonomy of learning ?
Determine the goals of learning
process
Guidance of instructional design
Determine the students achievement
Guidance of assessments and
evaluations

After the training session, the learner
should have acquires new .
What are the most popular taxonomy of
learning ?
Blooms Taxonomy
Gagnes Taxonomy
Blooms Taxonomy
3 Domain of educational activity
Cognitive (knowledge)
Mental skill
Affective (attitude)
Growth in feelings/emotional area
Psychomotor (skills)
Manual/physical skills
Cognitive
Knowledge and the development of
intellectual skills
Recall or recognition of specific facts,
procedural patterns, concepts
6 major categories
1. Knowledge
2. Comprehension
3. Application
4. Analysis
5. Synthesis
6. Evaluation
C1: Knowledge
Recall/remember data or information
Key words:
Defines, describes, knows, recall, list,
names, states
I know
The ritual activity to clean the penis is
called circumcision
C2: Comprehension
Understand the meaning or interpretation of
topics.
States the topics with ones own words
Key words:
Comprehend, explain, gives examples, interpret,
review
I understand
Circumcision is a surgery procedure that cutting
the preputium to clean the smegma
C3: Application
Use / apply the concept to a new situation or
to solve problems
Key words:
Apply, use, adopt, demonstrate, illustrate, show
I demonstrate circumcision procedures
1. Antiseptic
2. Anesthetic
3. Cutting preputium
Dorsum method
Circum method
4. Stop bleeding
5. Suture wound
6. Wound toilet




C4: Analysis
Breaking the topics in to parts:
understanding the parts, analyze /
distinguish between parts
Key words;
Analyze, break down, compare, find the
relationships, infer, select, identify
I can see the comparison
I analyze steps of circumcision, I
compare both of cutting methods (dorsum-
circum), and I found that circum method
more simple, faster, but higher risk.
C5: Evaluation
Judging/asses the value of the topics
Key word:
Accept, appraise, conclude, critique,
judge, evaluate, justify, summarize
I can judge / I conclude
I conclude that dorsum method is
better for the amateur and circum
method is better for the master.

C6: Synthesis
Ability to formulate new idea/ creating a new
meaning/ creating something new by putting
part to a whole one
Combine, create, compile, design, plan,
reform, revise, produce
I can create
I can create a new combination of circum
method, that safer but still simple and faster
Affective
The manner in which we deal with topics
emotionally
Express the feelings, values, attitudes,
appreciations, enthusiasms, and motivation
5 major categories:
1. Receiving phenomena
2. Responding phenomena
3. Valuing
4. Organization
5. Internalizing value

A1: Receiving Phenomena
Awareness, willingness to hear, selected
attention
Key word:
Ask, follow, name, select
Examples
Attendance to the lecture
Listen to others with respect
Listen for/ remember the name of newly
introduced
A2: Responding to phenomena
Active participation to part of the learners.
React/ responding to the phenomena
Key word:
Answer, assist, present, report, tell, write
Examples
Participate in discussion
Gives presentation
Ask the question
Answer the question
A3: Valuing
The worth or value a person attaches
to a particular phenomena
Key word:
Complete, demonstrate, join, invite, share
Examples: in debate
Show ability to solve the problem
Propose to improvement
A4: Organization
Organize value into priorities by contrasting
different value
Resolving conflicts between them
Key words:
Adhere, alter, arrange, combine, modifier,
prepare, organize
Example:
Prioritizes topics effectively to meet the need of
all members
A5: Internalizing values
Characterization according value
system that control behaviors
Key words:
Perform, practice, qualify, revise, solve
Example:
Change behavior in light of new evidence
Revised judgments, value people for
what they are, now how they look
Psychomotor
Physical movement, coordination, and use
of the motor-skill area
Require practice
Measured by speed, precision, distance,
procedures or techniques in execution
5 Major (Daves)
Imitation
Manipulation
Precision
Articulation
Naturalization
P1: Imitation
Observing & patterning behavior after
someone else
Performance: May be low of quality
Example:
Copying a work art
P2: Manipulation
Being able to perform actions by
following instruction and practicing
Performance: begin to follow the goal
Example:
Creating work after taking lesson/ reading
manual
P3: Precision
Refining, becoming more exact
Performance: Few error are apparent
Example:
Working and reworking, so it will be just
right

P4: Articulation
Coordinating a series of action,
achieving harmony and internal
consistency
Performance: Consistence to their own
style
Example: Producing a video that
involve music, drama, sound ect.

P5: Naturalization/Origination
Become natural, without needing to think
much, and some times special
Performance:
Highest level of performance
Example:
Style of Michael Jordan playing Basket Ball
Style of David Beckham kicking the ball
Style of Zidane / Ronaldinho controlling the ball
GAGNES TAXONOMY
5 Domains
1. Motor skills
2. Attitude
3. Verbal information
4. Cognitive strategy
5. Intellectual skills
Motor skills
Bodily movements involving muscular
activity
Starting a car, shooting a target.
Swinging racquet

Attitude
Internal state which effects an
individuals choice of action toward
some object, person
Choosing to visit art museum, writing
letters with poetry words
Verbal information
Labels and Fact:
Naming / making verbal response
Vocal or written response : name, talk
Bodies of Knowledge:
Recalling a large body of interconnected
facts
Paraphrasing the meaning of textual material/
rule/ regulation
Cognitive Strategy
Control his/her own way of thinking &
learning
Engaging in self-testing to decide how
much study in need
Answering the responded questions
Intellectual Skills
4 Levels:
1. Discrimination
2. Concrete concept
3. Rule using
4. Problem solving

Discrimination
Making different responses to the
different member
Example: distinguish colors of traffic
light
Concrete concept
Responses in a single way to all
members of particular class of the
topics
Example:
When hearing Indra Lesmana Music, he
knew the music is Jazz music
Rule Using
Applying a rule to a given situation
Using antipyretic to improve the pever
Problem Solving
Combining lower level rules to solve
problems
May involve generating new rules
Process: trial and error until the one to
solve the problem is found
Task:
Task

Make 4 MCQ from topic of adult
learning which consist of C1-C4
Blooms level cognitive.
THANK YOU