Naveen Patel

Naveen Patel
Open standard protocol
Successor of RIP
Classless routing protocol
Uses Shortest Path First (SPF) Algorithm
Updates are sent through Multicast IP address
224.0.0.5
Administrative distance is 110
Metric = Cost =10
8
/Bandwidth in bps (CISCO)
Open Shortest Path First
Naveen Patel
Hello packets are sent every 10 seconds
Faster Convergence
Hierarchical design with Multiple Areas
Area 0 is called the backbone area
Router ID
The highest IP address of the active physical interface
of the router is elected as Router ID.
If logical interface is configured, the highest IP
address of the logical interface is elected as Router ID
OSPF (contd..)
Naveen Patel
It maintains three tables :
Neighbor Table
Neighbor table contains information about the directly
connected OSPF neighbors forming adjacency.
Database table
Database table contains information about the entire
view of the topology with respect to each router.
Routing information Table
Routing table contains information about the best path
calculated by the shortest path first algorithm in the
database table.

OSPF Tables
Naveen Patel
OSPF - Network Diagram
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24 LAN 192.168.2.0/24 LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
AREA 0
E0
192.168.1.1/24
E0
192.168.2.1/24
E0
192.168.3.1/24
10.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
10.0.0.2/8
11.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
11.0.0.2/8
Naveen Patel
OSPF Packet Types
Hello
DBD (Database Descriptor)
LSR (Link State Request)
LSU (Link State Update)
LSAck (Link State Acknowledge)
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OSPF States
DOWN
Init
2-Way
Ex-Start
Exchange
Loading
Full
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How OSPF Works
10.0.0.1/8
SO
10.0.0.2/8
S1
DOWN STATE
I am router ID 192.168.1.1 and I see no one.
INIT STATE
Router HYD
Neighbors List
192.168.1.1/24, int s1
I am router ID 172.16.0.1 and I see 192.168.1.1.
Router CHE
Neighbors List
172.16.0.0/16, int s0
2-way STATE
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10.0.0.1/8
SO
10.0.0.2/8
S1
No, I will start exchange because I have a higher router ID
I will start exchange because I have router ID 172.16.0.1
Ex-Start STATE
Here is a summary of my link-state database
Exchange State
Here is a summary of my link-state database
How OSPF Works
Naveen Patel
10.0.0.1/8
SO
10.0.0.2/8
S1
Thanks for the Information
Loading State
I need the complete entry for network 172.16.0.0/16
Here is the entry for network 172.16.0.0/16
Thanks for the Information!
Full State
How OSPF Works
Naveen Patel

Consumes More Memory and CPU processing
Disadvantages of OSPF
Naveen Patel
Naveen Patel
exit Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config)#
telnet 192.168.1.1
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :
****
****
enable
configure terminal
interface serial 0
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no shut
clockrate 64000
encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad>
password :
Hyderabad#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Hyderabad(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting .....
Directly Connected Networks on
HYDERABAD Router
192.168.1.0
10.0.0.0
Naveen Patel
Hyderabad(config)#
router ospf 1
Hyderabad(config-router)#
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
no ip routing Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
ip routing
Configuring OSPF
Router(config)# router ospf <pid>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
<wildcard mask> area <area id>
Naveen Patel
show ip route Hyderabad#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
O 11.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:36, Serial0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:36, Serial0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/138] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:36, Serial0
Hyderabad#

^
Z
O for OSPF routes
110 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
Metric of OSPF
Cost
Hyderabad(config)#
router ospf 1
Hyderabad(config-router)#
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Hyderabad(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
no ip routing Hyderabad(config)#
Hyderabad(config)#
ip routing
Naveen Patel
show ip ospf database Hyderabad#

OSPF Router with ID (192.168.1.1) (Process ID 1)


Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link
192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 790 0x80000003 0x897B 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 234 0x80000005 0x542 5
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 232 0x80000003 0xD328 3
Hyderabad# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address
192.168.2.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:36 10.0.0.2
Hyderabad#
Naveen Patel
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
================================
Welcome to Chennai Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :
****
****
enable
configure terminal
ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
no shut
encapsulation hdlc
interface serial 0
Chennai>
password :
Chennai#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Chennai(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting .....
Chennai(config-if)#
telnet 192.168.2.1
interface serial 1
ip address 11.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
no shut
encapsulation hdlc
Directly Connected Networks on
CHENNAI Router
192.168.2.0
10.0.0.0
11.0.0.0
Naveen Patel
Chennai(config)#
router ospf 2
Chennai(config-router)#
Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
no ip routing Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config)#
ip routing
network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Chennai(config-router)#
Configuring OSPF
Router(config)# router ospf <pid>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
<wildcard mask> area <area id>
Naveen Patel
show ip route Chennai#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial0
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/74] via 10.0.0.1, 00:01:33, Serial1
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
O 192.168.3.0/24 [110/74] via 11.0.0.2, 00:01:33, Serial0
Chennai#

^
Z
O for OSPF routes
110 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
Metric of OSPF
Cost
Chennai(config)#
router ospf 2
Chennai(config-router)#
Chennai(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Chennai(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
no ip routing Chennai(config)#
Chennai(config)#
ip routing
network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Chennai(config-router)#
Naveen Patel
show ip ospf database Chennai#

OSPF Router with ID (192.168.2.1) (Process ID 2)


Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link
192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 1253 0x80000003 0x897B 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 695 0x80000005 0x542 5
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 693 0x80000003 0xD328 3
Chennai# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address
192.168.3.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:35 11.0.0.2
192.168.1.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:32 10.0.0.1
Chennai#
Naveen Patel
exit Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config)#
================================
Welcome to Banglore Router
================================
User Access Verification
password :
****
****
enable
configure terminal
ip address 11.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
no shut
clockrate 64000
encapsulation hdlc
Banglore>
password :
Banglore#
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Banglore(config)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Banglore(config-if)#
Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:\>
Connecting .....
telnet 192.168.3.1
interface serial 1
Directly Connected Networks on
Banglore Router
192.168.3.0
11.0.0.0
Naveen Patel
Banglore(config)#
router ospf 1
Banglore(config-router)#
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Banglore(config-router)#
no ip routing Banglore(config)#
Banglore(config)#
ip routing
network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Configuring OSPF
Router(config)# router ospf <pid>
Router(config-router)# network <Network ID>
<wildcard mask> area <area id>
Naveen Patel
show ip route Banglore#
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 11.0.0.1, 00:02:09, Serial1
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial1
O 192.168.1.0/24 [110/138] via 11.0.0.1, 00:02:09, Serial1
O 192.168.2.0/24 [110/74] via 11.0.0.1, 00:02:09, Serial1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0
Banglore#

^
Z
O for OSPF routes
110 is nothing but
Administrative Distance
Metric of OSPF
Cost
Banglore(config)#
router ospf 1
Banglore(config-router)#
Banglore(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Banglore(config-router)#
no ip routing Banglore(config)#
Banglore(config)#
ip routing
network 11.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
Naveen Patel
show ip ospf database Banglore#

OSPF Router with ID (192.168.3.1) (Process ID 1)


Router Link States (Area 0)

Link ID ADV Router Age Seq# Checksum Link
192.168.1.1 192.168.1.1 1506 0x80000003 0x897B 3
192.168.2.1 192.168.2.1 948 0x80000005 0x542 5
192.168.3.1 192.168.3.1 944 0x80000003 0xD328 3
Banglore# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address
192.168.2.1 1 FULL/ - 00:00:37 11.0.0.1
Banglore#
Naveen Patel
ping 192.168.3.10 Hyderabad#
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad#
!!!!!
ping 192.168.2.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Hyderabad#
!!!!!
Naveen Patel
ping 192.168.1.10 Chennai#
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Chennai#
!!!!!
ping 192.168.3.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.3.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Chennai#
!!!!!
Naveen Patel
ping 192.168.1.10 Banglore#
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore#
!!!!!
ping 192.168.2.10
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms
Banglore#
!!!!!