karEklMGrRbsiT§PaBfam

Blrbs;L\dæenAkm<úCa
Improving the Energy Efficiency
of Cambodia’s Brick Kilns
Rainer Ernst Israel
Som Chandararith
iLi Consulting Engineers
Mekong
Phnom Penh
CAMBODIA
www.ili-consult.com
 Gay-Gil-Gay
xl;sal;FIgGIugCIgnar
emKgÁ
iLi Consulting Engineers Mekong Ltd
 Gay-Gil Gay xn;sal;
KWCaTIRbwkSabec©keTsxagvisVk
mµEdlman
CMnajxagEpñksßabkükmµ nig
sMNg;sIuvil
iLi Consult is an engineering consultant that specializes in
architectural and civil engineering design.
www.ili-consult.com
 ehtuGVI Gay-Gil-Gay xl;sal;
RtUv)ancUlrYmkñúgkareRbIR)as;
famBlRbkbedayRbsiTæiPaB?
eKaledAsMrab;bgðaj
Outline of this Presentation
 ]sSahkmµ\dæenAkm<úCa/
Cambodia’s Brick Industry – background etc

 etIL\dæmanbBaðaGIVxøH?
What’s the Problem with brick kilns?

 dMeNaHRsay/
Possible Solutions

 etIman]bsKÁGIVxøH?
What are the Barriers?

 vKÁsikSaskmµPaBEdlesIñeLI
g/
 Cambodia’s Brick Industry
 Ca]sSahkmµd_sMxan;sMrab;karGPivD
Æn_RbeTskñúgkarFanaeGay)ankarpÁt
;pÁg; dl;sMNg;eKhdæan nig
GKarBaNiC¢kmµ/ Important industry for
Cambodia’s development to ensure affordable domestic housing
+ commercial buildings

 Ca]sSahkmµl¥RbesIrsMrab;RbeTskm<
úCa
eRBaHvamanlkçN³FmµCatikñúgkar
Tb;sáat;karnaMcUledaysarEtkarnaMc
Ulva mankarlM)akkñúgkargardwk CB
 ]
sSahkmµ\dænigek,Óg
KWCa]sSahkmµmYy
EdleRbIR)as;\n§n³Gus
d¾eRcIn.
The brick and tile industry is one of
the big fuel wood consumers.
 dMeNIrkarplitkmµK
WRtUvkarfamBleRcIn
nig
beBa©jmkvijnUv]sµ½
nkabUnik
The manufacturing process is energy
intensive and emits a lot of CO2 .
 RbsiT§iPaBénkareRbI
R)as;famBlrbs;L\dæ
etI]sSahkmµL\dæmanbBa
ðaGVIxøH?
What’s the Problem with the Brick
Industry? (1)
KµannirnþrPaB/
Not Sustainable…

 GuskMBugEtxSt;eTA²
enAkñúgextþCaeRcIn
Firewood is getting scarce in many provinces.
 kar)at;bg;éRBeQIKWsßitkñúgkMr
itmYyKYreGayRBYy)armµN¾³
tYelxkalBIqñaM1969 man 73°
tYelxenAqñaM1997 manRbmaN 58°
Forests are disappearing at an alarming rate.
Cambodia’s forest cover in 1969: 73%
 What’s the Problem? (2)
tMél/
COST:
 karcMNayfvikamYyEpñkFMrbs;Ga
CIvkmµL\dæKWeTAelIfamBl.
Energy is typically the largest proportion of costs for a brick
kiln business
 bMErbMrYltMélfamBlnwgmankarb:
HBal;ya:gxøaMgeTAdl;GaCIvkmµ.
Any change in the fuel cost will therefore affect the business
dramatically
 ]
sSahkmµ\dæenAkm<úCanwgminGac
RbkYtRbECgCamYynigbNþaRbeTse
 What’s the Problem? (3)
brisßan/
ENVIRONMENT:
 kareRbIR)as;\n§n³GusCabc©½ymYy
kñúgkarbMp©itbMpøajéRBeQI
Fuel wood consumption contributes to deforestation.
 cMehHGus)anbegIát]sµ½nkabUnik/
emtan nig nIRtYEsn/
Burning Wood emits CO2 , Methane and Nox
 famBlCaeRcInRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;n
igbeB©ajkarbMBuledIm,IdwkCBa
¢ÚnGusBI ksidæan/
BIéRBb¤BIeragcRkmkkan;L\dæ/
etImandMeNaHRsayb¤eT?
Is there a Solution?
cMelIyKW³ man/ maneRcIn.
Yes, there are several.
 EsVgrk\n§n³EdlGacykmkCMnYs\n
§n³Gus
Look for substitutes for fuel wood.
 begáInRbsiT§iPaBkareRbIR)as;fa
mBlkñúgkarplit\dæ
Increase the energy efficiency of brick manufacturing.
 EsVgrkCMerIsEdleRbIR)as;famBlt
ic CMnYs\dæ
Look for less energy intensive alternatives to clay bricks.
\næn³EdlGacCMnYsGus?
(1) Substitutes for Fuel Wood

Ggáam nig
kaksMNl;ksikmµep
Sg²
Rice husk and other agricultural
residues
 karbEnßm\n
§n³eTA\dæ
Add fuel to Bricks
 rayb¤)ackMeTc\n§n³dUcCaGgáameT
AelI\dæEdlRtUvdutkñúgLmuneBlcab
;epþIm dut
eFVIdUecñHedIm,IbegáInkMedAnig
EklMGrkarbBa
¢ÚnkMedA)anBaseBjL/
 karbEnßm\n§n³eTA\dæ
Add fuel to Bricks

 bEnßmsarFatumemaKxniCeTAdI\dæ
muneBlerobcMcak;Bum</
eFVIdUcenHedIm,I
kat;bnßybrimaNfamBlEdlRtUveRbIc
aM)ac;edIm,Idut\dæ/
Adding organic material to the clay prior to forming bricks.
This will reduce the amount of energy required to fire the
bricks.
 sarFatumemaKxniCdUcCaGgáamGa
cRtUv)aneKbEnßmrhUtdl;10-15° én
maD\dæsrub. ]TahrN¾-
karbegáInRbsiT§iPaBfamBl
(2) Increase Energy Efficiency
ehtuGVI)anCaL\dæeRbIR)as;famBlmi
nGs;lT§PaB?
Why are Brick Kilns Inefficient?

 kardutminGs;lT§PaB
Inefficient combustion
 kMedAya:geRcInRtU
v)an)at;bg;kñúgeBld
MeNIr
kardutkMedAnigbegá
InkMedA
Great heat loss during heating and
firing process.
 famBlkñúgdMeNI
rkardut\dæ
Energy in Firing begáI
dMNak;k Process
+ =100%
aldutkMe nkM
dA edA
Pre-heating Firing
Cooling
32% of Energy
gets lost during
cooling
TVarbnÞb;sMrab;dutnigEb
kRbeTosRTenIr
Firebox Door + Grate
 rn§epSg²enAelITVarnw
gGaceGayeKRtYtBinitü)
an RKb;sßanPaBrbs;L.
Doors with variable vent would allow
fine control of kiln conditions
 bTBiesaFn¾enARbeTsR
sIlgáar)anbgðajfakar
bMBak;TVarnigEdkRbe
TosRTenI )
ankat;bnßykar
eRbIR)as;GusrhUtdl;15°
EdlcMnYnenHGac
eGayeKbgVilTun)ansMr
 Further Possible Improvements
 bEnßmRsTab;GIusULg;enAelidMbU
lnigCBa¢aMgrbs;L
nwgGackat;bnßy)annUv
kar)at;bg;kMedAedaypÞal;/ ]
TahrN¾³
dak;sarFatuGIusULg;Edlman
dg;sIuetkñúgkarFunnwgkMedATab
dUcCa plitplGVIGMBIeramb¤kUtug
b¤ Ggáam/
Additional insulation on the roof and walls of the kiln will
reduce heat lost directly through radiation
Eg: adding low density heat-resistant insulating material
such as wool or cotton or rice husk products
 eCosvagcrn§xül;qøgkat;tYLedaypÞal
eRKagbøg;LQr
Vertical Shaft Kiln
 Vertical Shaft Kiln
 vaRtUv)aneKeRbIkñúgRbeTscin
nigBiesaFn¾enATIdéT²eTot/
Used in China and trialed elsewhere

 manRbsiT§PaBeRcIn/
Much more efficient
 Vertical Shaft Kiln

lkçN³
Features
 dMeNIkarbnþbnÞab;Kña/
eFVIeGayEpñkEdlRtUvdutkMedAminG
accuHRtCak;)aneLIy.
dUecñHkarxatbg;famBltic.
Continous process so the firing zone never has to cool down, thus
less energy wasted
 kMedAEdl)anBIdMNak;kaldutkMedAR
tUv)aneRbIR)as;xN³eBlEdlvaekIneLIged
Im,IsMgYtedaysV½yRbvtþi
RBmTaMg)andutkMedAkñúgdMNak;ka
(3) Less Energy-intensive Alternatives
to Clay Bricks

\dæsIlIkat
Sand Lime Bricks
Sand Lime Bricks
 maneRcInRbePTepSg²Kña
EdlRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;ya:
gTUlMTUlayenA
bNþaRbeTsGWur:b/ Different
type of brick – used widely in Europe

 minRtUvkarcaM)at;kardute
PøIgkMedA
edayRKan;EtrkSavakñúgc
MhaynigsMBaF énLcMhuy/
Does not require ‘firing’, but rather is ‘cured’
with steam and pressure in an autoclave
 cMhayGacbegáItecjb¤pÁt;p
Ág;ecjBIkMedAepSg²nigecj
900

800
Concrete  karplit\dæRbePTen
700
HmantmélefakCag
600 Solid clay bick
karplit\dæecjBIdI\d
500
Hollow brick
æ/ Produce these bricks
400
cheaper than clay bricks

300 Sand lime brick

 edayeRbIR)as;fam
200 BlticCag30°ebIeRb
obeFobeTAnwgkar
Celluar
concrete /
100 aerated

0
concrete
plit\dæecjBIdI
Energy requirment
(kWh/m3) \dætamEbbRbéBNI
/ Consumes about 50% less
energy as compared to
 ]
bsKÁcMeBaHkareFVIeGayRb
esIrdl;RbsiT§PaB\dæ
Barriers to Better Brick Efficiency
karyl;dwgtictYcBIplcMenjnig«kasepSg²é
nRbsiT§iPaBfamBl/ Low awareness of benefits and
opportunities of energy efficiency

smtßPaBbec©keTsenATabsMrab;karRt
YtBinitünUvRbsiT§iPaBnaeBlbc©úb,nñ
b¤karKNna\T§iBlBIkarvas;EvgkarEklM
GrRbkbedayRbsiT§IPaB/ Low technical capacity
for monitoring current efficiencies or calculating the effects
from efficiency improvement measures
karlHbg;enAmankMritTabedIm,IeFVIk
arvinieyaKRTg;RTayFM
 Gnusasn¾
Recommended Actions
begIátsmaKmn¾]sSahkmµmYy
edIm,IRbmUlpþúMFnFannigTak;TajC
MnYykarnana/ Establish an industry association in order to
combine resources and attract necessary assistance

FanaeGay)annUvkarpþl;mUlniFi
sMrab;kargarGPivDÆn¾famBleGayma
nRbsiTæi PaBkñúg]sSahkmµ/
Secure funding (donor or private) for energy efficiency development in
the industry

rkTIRbwkSaCMnajxagbec©keTsedIm,I
GnuvtþntamnigbegátbB
¢aIkarEklMGrnanaEdl
 Gnusasn¾
Recommended Actions
begIátcMnYnKMeragbgðajEdlLdut\dæ
EdlmanRsab;RtUv)aneKEklMGrRBmTa
Mgplb:HBal;nigkarkat;bnßykarbMBul/
RtUv)aneKRtUtBinitünigraykarN¾/
Establish a number of demonstration projects where existing brick kilns
are upgraded and the effects are carefully monitored and reported, +
disseminate results

sMrbsMrYlKMeragkarRbsiT§iPaBfam
BlsMrab;m©as;L\dæ
edaybegáItCMnYykar bec©keTs nig
hirBaØvtßúsmrmüEdlGacrk)an/
Facilitate energy efficiency projects for brick kiln owners by making
technical assistance and appropriate finance available
 sUmGeB
¢aIjecaTCasMNYrEdlTak
;TincMeBaHRbsiTæiPaBf
amBlkñúg]sSahkmµL\d?
Any Questions Please?..
Contact Rainer or Dararith at
Email: mail@ili-consult.com
Website: http://www.ili-consult.com