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This document discusses different types of text that can be used in ArcMap, including labels, annotation, and graphic text. It provides details on how to set up and control labels using the labeling toolbar and label manager. This includes setting label properties, placement, and using label classes. It also covers using the Maplex labeling engine to reduce label conflicts between different layers.
This document discusses different types of text that can be used in ArcMap, including labels, annotation, and graphic text. It provides details on how to set up and control labels using the labeling toolbar and label manager. This includes setting label properties, placement, and using label classes. It also covers using the Maplex labeling engine to reduce label conflicts between different layers.
This document discusses different types of text that can be used in ArcMap, including labels, annotation, and graphic text. It provides details on how to set up and control labels using the labeling toolbar and label manager. This includes setting label properties, placement, and using label classes. It also covers using the Maplex labeling engine to reduce label conflicts between different layers.
Labels Using ESRIs Default Label Engine Using ESRIs Maplex Lable Engine Annotation Graphic Text
Creating a Layout
Labels and LayoutsTopics Types of Text in ArcMap In ArcView 3.X, there were 2 forms of text, Labels and Graphic Text. In ArcMap, there are 3 forms of text that are utilized in ArcMap Labels are automatically generated by ArcMap after user sets labeling properties and rules. are positioned in relation to the map feature (point, line, poly), their text strings come directly from the data layers attribute table, are the fastest and easiest to use. However, labels in ArcMap differ from labels in ArcView 3.X in that: Labels cant be selected and you cant edit the display properties of individual labels.
In ArcMap, fine-tuning of text statements, appearance, and positioning are achieved using
Annotation are text strings you can edit, either as a group or individually. Annotation layers are typically created by converting labels to an annotation layer. Display properties and position of the text are stored in terms of geographic space (X,Y). Annotation can be stored as its own layer for use in subsequent projects.
Graphic Text Exists in the page space of your document (in term of inches from the lower left corner). Created by inserting a text box. Labeling - The Labeling Toolbar Adding the Labeling Toolbar 1. In the Tools menu, select Customize. 2. In the Customize dialog box, select the Toolbars tab, then check the box next to Labeling to activate the Labeling toolbar.
3. This Labeling Toolbar should materialize in the toolbar area of your project. The Labeling Toolbar is the interface that contains the tools the user uses to set rules that manage labels placement, font, weights vs. other layers labels, and many other properties. Labeling - The Labeling Toolbar Functions Labeling Getting Started Turning on Labeling 1. Add county.shp from the directory S:\IGSB\ArcGIS Training\Labels_n_Layouts\Data. 2. Holding your mouse cursor over county.shp in ArcMaps Table of Contents, single-right-click the dataset and select Label Features
3. ArcMap will automatically label the dataset. In this case, it used the field FIPS as the default Labeling field. *The functionality of this command is for turning labels on and off after labels have been created using the Label Manager. 4. In the directory S:\IGSB\ArcGIS Training\Labels_n_Layouts save your project using your name in the project title. Control in how labels are drawn is achieved through the Label Manager Labeling The Label Manager We will now take our first look at the Label Manager. 1. Select the Label Manager icon from the Labeling Toolbar 2. The Label Manager Menu will appear. 3. Change the Label Field to COUNTY. Change the font, size, color, and text effects if you wish. Hit OK. 4. You map should now be much more interpretable to most people. Labeling Controlling Labeling with the Labeling Manager 5. Reopen the Label Manager from the Labeling Toolbar 6. Hit the Properties tab under Placement Properties. 7. Two tabs are visible in Placement Properties. 7a. The Placement tab will appear differently depending on whether you are working with a point, line, or polygon feature class.
The options are fairly straight- forward. For now, select Try Horizontal first, then straight, then switch to the Conflict Detection tab 7b. The Conflict Detection tab is used if: you will be labeling many feature classes (Label Weight), or when you do not want labels of a feature class to appear over the features of feature class (Feature Weight). if you do or do not want labels to overlap (Checkbox at the bottom of the box). Hit OK.
Labeling Controlling Labeling with the Labeling Manager...continued 8. Note how changing one Placement Property (Try horizontal first, then straight) alters your map: 9. Reopen the Label Manager, Under Placement Properties, select Always Horizontal. Hit OK.
10. Save your project.
Labeling Controlling Labeling with the Labeling Manager...continued Suppose we want to create labels for Iowas counties in a manner where Polk Countys label is red, and the remaining county labels are black. This can be done by adding another label class and manipulating each label class properties separately. 1. Reopen the Label Manager from the Labeling Toolbar 2. Single left click on the Label Class County 3. Under Add label Class, Enter Class Name, type Polk, 4. Hit Add. 5. The new Polk Label Class will appear on the left hand side. Highlight it, and change the font color to a red color.
We now need to build expressions that will make Polk Countys label red, and the rest of the counties black. This is done with the SQL Query buttonhit it! Labeling Creating additional Label Classes with the Label Manager 6. Build the expression below. Double-click COUNTY from The upper portion of the dialog box, hit the = sign, hit the Get Unique Values button, select POLK from the drop-down list. hit OK. 7. In the Label Manager, switch from the Label Class Polk to Default. Hit the SQL Query button,
8. Build the expression COUNTY < > Polk hit OK. hit Apply, then OK in the Label Manager
9. Save your project.
Labeling Creating additional Label Classes with the Label Managercontinued With a data frame reference scale, you define the scale at which text and symbols will appear at their true size. Setting a reference scale is like freezing the symbol and text sizes used in your data frame; If you zoom in or out, the text and symbols will change scale along with the display. Unless you explicitly set a reference scale, the current scale is your reference scale 1. Setting the reference scale Select Data Frame Properties from the View Menu The Reference Scale is adjusted through a dropdown list under the General tab Labeling Considering Reference Scales 2. The differing effects of varying Reference Scales keep in mind that we created the county labels at the full extent of county.shp: In the example below, the Reference Scale is set to <none>. The labels font size stay the same size as you zoom in/out. In the example below, the Reference Scale is set to <Current visible extent> (= full extent of county.shp). The labels font size changes as you zoom in/out. Zoomed back out to the full extent of the View, experiment with setting the reference scale to 1:100,000, etc and zoom in and out of the Viewer. Labeling Considering Reference Scalescontinued There are 2 different labeling engines available in ArcMap that can be used to manage labels. Up to this point, we have been utilizing ESRIs Default Label Engine. This is the basic labeling engine for ArcMap. Another, more robust label engine is available for those with an ArcINFO license. This is ESRIs Maplex Label Engine (if you have 3-D/Spatial Analysts, you have the ArcINFO license.) 2. Change the label engine Select Data Frame Properties in the View Menu. In the General Tab, select ESRI Maplex Label Engine 1. Activate the Maplex Extension Select Extensions from the Tools Menu. Check the box next to Maplex Labeling Changing the Labeling Engine Labeling Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Engine We will now create a map in which the counties and county seats boundaries are displayed and labeled without overlapping each others text or polygon boundaries.
Add to your project incorporated_cities.shp from the directory S:\IGSB\ArcGIS Training\Labels_n_Layouts\Data. Make sure you place it above county.shp in the Views Table of Contents. 1. Displaying only the county seats in the View. single-right click incorporated_cities.shp in the Table of Contentsselect Properties from the drop-down list. Select the tab Definition Query. Hit the Query Builder button. In the Query Builder dialog box, build the expression CO_SEAT = Y We now have only those cities displayed which are county seats. However, you will notice that the county name labels overlap many of the municipal boundaries (Black Hawk for instance). We still need to label the county seats as well. Labeling Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Enginecontinued Notice how the Label Manager interface has changed? Highlight the Default label class for incorporated_cities 2. Reopen the Label Manager from the Labeling Toolbar 3. Hit the Properties button to change the labels placement properties. 4. The Label Position tab
select the Position Button.
since the boundaries of the cities are so small when zoomed to the Views full extent, we will want their labels displayed outside their polygon boundariesselect Offset Horizontal
Hit OK and switch to the Fitting Strategy tab. Labeling Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Enginecontinued 5. The Fitting Strategy Tab
Stacking Labels can be for labels composed of more than one word (like Orange City). Stacking will cause the labels to draw in two lines. Hit the Stack Labels Options button The Label Stacking Options dialog box should give you an idea as to how label stacking works. Hit OK in Label Stacking Options.
Turn off the Overrun Feature checkbox. Switch to the Conflict Resolution Tab. Labeling Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Enginecontinued 5. The Conflict Resolution Tab
Perhaps the most useful operation in this dialog box for our purposes is the Remove duplicates checkbox.
Check the Remove duplicates checkbox, then hit the Limits button This box will appear. Iowa 99 county seats all have unique names. However, several county seats have multiple disconnected (like a light industrial area outside of town). To alleviate this:
remove Duplicate Labels within 100,000 Map Units (meters in this case) of each other. Hit OK in both the Duplicate Labels and Placement Properties dialog boxes. Labeling Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Enginecontinued 6. Change the font for incorporated_cities Default label Class. Font size of 6 should work nicely, and change the text color.
7. Under Placement Properties, change the Offset from 1 to 2. This will increase the space in between the incorporated cities/county seats linework and labels.
8. Hit OK and Save your project.
Labeling Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Enginecontinued Labeling Utilizing the Maplex Labeling Enginecontinued We now have all the labels we need to work with in their proper fonts. However, both sets of labels overlap the other shapefiles boundaries. To remedy this, we need to review the order in which the labels are drawn and more importantly in this case, set label weights so that the labels will not overlap each others features. Labeling Setting Label Priority A combination of factors can lead to labels being overlapped over each other, or can keep some labels from being drawn at all. To be safe, its worth the time to review the Label Priority Function.
The user can set which layers labels take precedent over others. This is done with the Label Priority Ranking button located in the Labeling Toolbar. This Ranking will work fine. Labeling Weighting Labels over other Layers Features To set label weights so that the labels will not overlap each others features, use the Label Weight Ranking button in the Labeling Toolbar. For the incorporated cities feature layer, assign a a value of 100 for both the Feature Weight and Polygon Boundary Weight.
Hit Apply and look at the changes in the map. The county and incorporated labels no longer overlap the incorporated cities political boundaries. However, the incorporated labels still overlap the county boundaries in some instances. Labeling Weighting Labels over other Layers Featurescontinued Labeling Weighting Labels over other Layers Featurescontinued For both of the county feature layers, assign a a value of 50 for both the Feature Weight and Polygon Boundary Weight.
Hit Apply and look at the changes in the map. Labeling Weighting Labels over other Layers Featurescontinued You should now have a map in which the labels of both layers overlap neither shapefile boundaries or each other. Save your project. Converting Labels to Annotation As mentioned at the beginning of this tutorial, the fine-tuning of labels appearance, and positions are achieved using Annotation. Unlike labels, annotation can be edited individually, Annotation layers are typically created by converting labels to an annotation layer (it pays to fine tune your labels as much as possible before you convert them to annotation). Annotation can be stored as its own layer for use in subsequent projects IF its parent feature class is stored in a database. 1. Convert labels to annotation by single- right clicking on the layer containing the labels and selecting Convert Labels to Annotation from the drop-down list. For now, store the annotation In the map If you now open at the label manager, you will notice that the label class for incorporated cities is turned offthis should not be interpreted as the annotation layer we just created. It remains to be the original label class. Converting Labels to Annotationcontinued If you need to turn off or turn on the annotation layer, you must open Data Frame Properties from the View Menu, then hit the Annotation tab.
Manipulating Annotation Annotation behaves much like labels you would have generated in ArcView 3.3. Zoom into the Sioux City Area. Using the Select Elements tool from the Tools Toolbar (the black arrow), select the Sioux City annotation and move it from the west side of the Missouri River to the east side. Manipulating Annotationcontinued Changing the display properties of individual annotation. 1. Right-click on the Sioux City annotation and select Properties from the drop-down list. 2. Changing font size, style, and type is done with the Change Symbol button. 3. Further changes such as rotation, halos, etc can be done through the Properties button. Manipulating Annotationcontinued 4. Changing the angle 5. Adding a Mask around a label can set text off from its background in many cases.
A helpful tipdont categorically trust the Preview of text. It may give you a general idea of what the text might look like in the map, but it is often incorrect. Before we jump into Layouts, we need to verify that a few toolbars are available for our use. In the Tools menu, select Customize. Turn on both the Draw and Layout toolbars. Layouts The Toolbars Layouts The Toolbarscontinued Before we get started, it is important to recognize that the Zoom In/Zoom Out/Pan Buttons found in the layout toolbar behave COMPLETELY differently than the Zoom In/Zoom Out/Pan buttons from the Tools Toolbar!!!
We will examine this shortly. The Layout Toolbar vs. the Tools Toolbar Layouts The Toolbars The Draw Tool-bar is used, amongst other things to add Graphic Text to a View or layout. Layouts The Toolbarscontinued Layouts Getting Started Switch to the Layout View by hitting the Layout icon in the lower-left hand corner of the Data View. Layouts Getting Startedcontinued The Layout View will resemble: Layouts Navigating the Layout Viewer Using these navigation tools from the Layout Toolbar allows you to zoom in/out, pan, Throughout the view WITHOUT changing the geographical display of your layout . Conversely, utilizing these navigation tools from the Tools Toolbar in the Layout view WILL CHANGE the geographical display of your layout. If you accidentally Use one of these buttons in the layout view, use the zoom to last extent from the Tools Toolbar to correct your layout. Layouts Navigating the Layout Viewercontinued The Layout Tools Zoom In tool was used to focus in on the finer details of the layout. Note that you cant see the layouts margins. The Tools Zoom In tool was used to focus in on the layout in this case. Note that you CAN see the layouts margins. The geographic extent of the map has completely changed. There may be cases where this will be desirable, but be careful and aware when zooming/panning In a layout view. Layouts Navigating the Layout Viewercontinued By default, ArcMap Places a border around the periphery of the layout. This can be deleted or altered by: Selecting the map within the layout, single-right clicking and selecting Properties from the drop-down list. Select the Frame tab. Click on the arrow next to the Border Options and select none to remove the border, or select an alternative border pattern. Backgrounds and Drop-shadows are customized in the same manner. Layouts Borders, Backgrounds, and Border Drop-Shadows Layouts Resizing the Main Map Element Resizing the main map element is done in the same manner it was done in ArcView 3.X. Single-left Click on the map element and resize the element by dragging the corners or edges. Layouts Centering Map Elements With the map element desired to be centered, right-click on the element and select Align, Align to Margins if no other options are active, then select Align Center. This will align the element horizontally. This process can be repeated to Align Center Vertically, the element. Layouts Inserting Graphic Text Your usual Microsoft text buttons, located in ArcMaps Drawing Toolbar are used to insert text. In this case it is used to add a title (County Seats of Iowa). Layouts Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scales Legends, north arrows, and scales are all added using the Insert Menu. Layouts Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scalescontinued Inserting a Legend takes more steps than in ArcView 3.X but is straightforward. Results are much better and can be revised without rebuilding the entire legend. For now, dont worry about text sizes. 1. Layers in Legend.
2. Use arrows to Include/exclude Layers
3. Number of columns in the legend is a nice addition.
Hit Next 1 2 4. Legend Title, this should need little explanation
Hit Next 5. Again, this should need little explanation
Hit Next 6. The graphics representations of lines and polygons are much more appealing.
Hit Next Hit the Finish button. Layouts Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scalescontinued Layouts Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scalescontinued After all the steps, our legend still needs some work. We will change the text incorporated_cities to County Seat. Layouts Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scalescontinued To make the change, right-click on incorporated_cities.shp in the Table of Contents and select Properties. In the Layer Properties dialog box, select the General tab and change the Layer name to County Seat. Layouts Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scalescontinued Note the change in the legends text. Layouts Inserting Legends, North Arrows, and Scalescontinued When inserting north arrows or scalebars, much of the customization is conducted with the Properties Buttons.
In particular, the Properties in the scalebar selector are necessary if you want to change its units. Layouts Exporting the Map To export a layout to an image file, select Export from the File Menu Many more image formats are available for export. ArcMap Tutorials and Help on Labels and Annotation