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LECTURE NOTE / INSTRUCTION NOTE
AZIANASHIMA HEEDAYU BINTI ZAINAL
3.1 DEFINITION OF MAINTAINABILITY

t
dx x f t T P T M
0
) ( ) ( ) (
The probability that a failed unit will be repaired within a given
amount of time. The term is also used to denote the discipline of
studying and improving the maintainability of products, primarily
by reducing the amount of time required to diagnose and repair
failures.
Where P(T<t) is the probability of completing the repairs in time
< T , and f(x) is the repair time probability density function.
Availability is the probability that an item will be able to
function (i.e. not failed or undergoing repair) when called
upon to do so. This measure takes into account an items
reliability (how quickly it fails) and its maintainability (how
quickly it can be repaired).
Steady state availability:
) ( A
3.2 DEFINITION OF AVAILABILITY
Introduction to Maintainability and Availability
Many systems are repairable; when the system fails whether it is
an automobile, a dishwasher, production equipment, etc. it is
repaired. Maintainability is a measure of the difficulty to repair the
system.
MEASUREMENT OF MAINTAINABILITY
AND AVAILABILITY
More specifically, maintainability is:
The measure of the ability of a system to be retained in, or
restored to, a specified condition when maintenance is
performed by personnel having specified skill levels, using
prescribed procedures and resources, at each prescribed level of
maintenance and repair.
Elemental Activities are simple maintenance actions of
short duration and relatively small variance that do not
vary appreciably from one system to another. An example
of an elemental activity is the opening and shutting of a
door.
SIX COMPONENTS OF
MAINTAINABILITY STRUCTURE
Malfunction Active Repair Time consists of:
a. Preparation time
b. Malfunction verification time
c. Fault location time
d. Part procurement time
e. Repair time
f. Final malfunction test time
Items af above are composed of elemental activities.
Malfunction Repair Time consists of:
a. Malfunction active repair time
b. Malfunction administrative time
System Repair Time is the product of malfunction repair time
and the number of malfunctions.
System Downtime includes:
a. System logistic time
b. System repair time
c. System final test time
Total System Downtime is a combination of the distributions of
a. Initial delay
b. System downtime
Availability is a measure of the readiness of a system. More
specifically, availability is:
A measure of the degree to which a system is in an operable and
committable state at the start of a mission when the mission is
called for at a random time.
There are three categories of availability.
1. Inherent Availability is the ideal state for analyzing availability.
It is a function only of the mean time to fail, MTBF, and the mean
time to repair, MTTR; preventive maintenance is not considered.
Inherent availability is defined as:

n
i
i
n
i
i i
MTTR
1
1

where n is the number of sub-systems

- is the failure rate of the I-th subsystem, and

- is the mean time to repair the I-the unit
Achieved Availability includes preventive maintenance as well as
corrective maintenance. It is a function of the mean time between
maintenance actions, MTMA, and the mean maintenance time,
MMT. Achieved availability is defined as:

Operational Availability includes preventive maintenance,
corrective maintenance, and delay time before maintenance begins,
such as waiting for parts or personnel. It is a function of the mean
time between maintenance actions and the mean down time, MDT,
and is defined as: