Basic knowledge for CDMA system

Basic knowledge for CDMA system

Agenda

architecture of CDMA system

Interface between different entitiy

numbering plan

digital public land mobile communication network(PLMN)
BSC MSC/VLR
HLR/AUC EIR MSC/VLR
OMC
SC
PLMN
PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN
BTS
Um
Abis
A
BTS
No.7 BSSAP
No.7 MAP
No.7 MAP TUP
No.7 TUP
X.25/ No.7
X.25
Signaling voice
BSS
MSS
Concept
BSC:Base Station Controller
BTS:Base transceiver station
MSC:Mobile Switching Center
HLR:Home Location Register
VLR:Visitor Location Register
AUC:Authentication Center
SC:Short Message Center
OMC:Operation and Maintenance Center
1.Main components of CDMA
MSS(mobile switching sub-system)
BSS(base station sub-system)
MS(mobile station)
OMM(operation and maintenance sub-system)
1.1 Base Station sub-System
FunctionIt provides trunks between wireless part
and fixed part of PLMN network.
---BSC
---BTS
BTS is in charge of wireless transmission,
BSC performs the control function and management
FunctionIt performs CDMA switching function as well
as manage mobile subscriber data and database for mobile
service. It is a interface between CDMA network and other
network (such as other PLMN,PSTN etc.).
It includes 4 function units
---MSC ---VLR
---HLR ---AUC
1.2 Mobile Switching sub-System
1.2.1Mobile Switching Center(MSC)
It is responsible for setting up,managing and clearing connections
as well as routing the calls to the proper user.
It provides the network interfaces,the charging function and the
function of processing the signaling.
MSC get data for call handling from 3 databases:
VLR/HLR/AUC
GMSC(gateway):When a non-CDMA end subscriber calls a
CDMA subscriber, the call will first be routed to a MSC of the
CDMA network (i.e. GMSC), which will inquire about the
corresponding HLR, and route the call to the MSC where the
called subscriber is located in.
1.2.2 Visitor Location Register(VLR)
VLR is a dynamic database used by MSC for information index.,it
stores all related information of mobile subscribers that enter into its
coverage area,which enables MSC to set up incoming and outgoing
calls.
subscriber parameters include: subscriber number, location area
identity(LAI),users status , services which subscriber can use and so
on.
When the subscriber leaves this area, it should register in another
VLR,and old VLR will delete all the data about this subscriber.
VLR can be built together with the MSC or set separately.


HLR:It is a static database . when a user apply for mobile service, all
data about this subscriber will be stored in HLR.
Information:
----subscriber information (ESN, MDN, IMSI, MIN), service
information, current location and valid term,
----the mobile subscriber location (MSC/VLR address),so as to set up
the call route to the MS.
HLR can be built together with the MSC or set separately.

1.2.3 Home Location Register(HLR
1.2.4 Authentication Center
Conceptionit is a entity to prevent illegal subscribers from
accessing CDMA network..it can generate the parameter to
confirm the subscribers identity .at the same time it can
encrypt users data according to users need.
Composition
databasesave MIN,ESN, authentication key)
Generator of random number
Algorithm(CAVE algorithm)
AUC can be built together with HLR or set separately

1.3 Operation and maintenance center (OMC)
OMC provides operation and maintenance services to the
network operator, manages the registered subscriber information
and conducts network planning to enhance the overall working
efficiency and service quality of the system.
Based on the main maintenance functions, there are two types of
operation and maintenance centers: OMC-S and OMC-R. The
OMC-S is mainly responsible for maintenance of MSS while the
OMC-R is mainly for BSS.
We also call OMC as background.
Basic knowledge for CDMA system
Agenda

architecture of CDMA system

Interface between different entitiy

numbering plan

The difference between interface and protocol:
The interface:the connection point between 2 adjacent entities.
The protocol: illustrate the rules followed when information
exchanged at the connection point.
The interface and protocol between entities
The interface between entities
SCP
MSC/SSP
PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN
VLR
MSC
BSC BTS
MS
HLR SCP
SC
SME AUC
A B
C
D
E
N
T2
H
M
Abis
U
m
Q
OMC
Q Q
Um interface defines the communication interface between MS and
BTS, also called air interface.
it realizes the compatibility between all kinds of MS and different
BTS, so that the MS can roaming.(it is a open interface)
it adopts some anti-jamming technology and measurements to
reduce interference and improve the frequency spectrum efficiency.
It realizes the physical connection between MS and CDMA
network.(that is wireless link)at the same time it is also in charge
of transferring of the information about RR, MM and CM.
1 . Um interface:
Note:
RR:radio resource management
MM:mobile management
CM:connection management

2. Abis interface:

the intra- interface between the BTS and BSC,used for
remote connection
2.048 Mb/s PCM digital link

3 .A interface and protocol
It is a interface between BSC and MSC
It is based on 2.048Mb/S PCM digital links
The standard protocols for this interface include IS-634,
IOS2.4 and IOS4.0, etc.
A-Interface is mainly used to transmit the following
information:
BSS management information
Call processing
Mobility management
It is a open interface.

4. B interface:
the interface between MSC and VLR.
MSC transfer the location information of roaming
subscriber to VLR
Query subscriber data from VLR when setting up
the calls
usually VLR is built with MSC together, so the
interface turns to be an internal interface and has no
standard rules.

The interface between MSC and HLR.

The system adopts IS-41D protocol. The interface is based on
2.048Mb/s PCM digital link.
When a MS is called,MSC must query the called MSs routing
message from HLR through this interface to locate the called
MS, and according to the record,HLR will return the routing
message(MSC/VLR number) to MSC.



5. C interface

6. D interface
The interface between VLR and HLR.
The system adopts IS-41D protocol. The interface is based on
2.048Mb/s PCM digital link.
The interface is used for exchange of subscriber location
information, authorization information and service data

7. E interface:
the interface between MSC and MSC.it is used for channel change
over between 2 MSC
The system adopts IS-41D protocol. The interface is based on
2.048Mb/s PCM digital link.
When a mobile station roams from one MSC to another, the MSC
will perform handover to keep the subscribers' conversation
uninterrupted. In this case data exchange must be implemented
between the MSCs.

.
8. Q interface :
Interface between SC and MSC .
The system adopts ANSI-41E protocol. The interface is based on
2.048Mb/s PCM digital link.
In submission and reception of short messages, short messages
are transferred between the short message center and the mobile
switching center. At the same time, when the subscriber's short
message capability changes, the mobile switching center needs to
notify the short message center promptly.
9. the interface between MSC and PSTN:
The inter-office signaling interface,used for setting up voice
connection between PSTN and PLMN.
CDMA service area
PLMN Service area
MSC Service area
cell
Location area
Wireless cover area structure
wireless Area partition
1.Cell
The smallest area that can not be divided.

2.Location area:
The area that MS moves without updating location.Use to
orientation and paging.
It includes some cells.
One location area has one LAI to identify each other.
3.MSC service area:
The area that all the cell controlled by one MSC covered.
One MSC contains one or more location areas.
4 .PLMN:
It includes one or more MSCs service areas.
5.CDMA service area:
It includes global PLMN networks .
Agenda

architecture of CDMA system

Interface between dirrerent entitiy

numbering plan


1. mobile directer number(MDN)
A MDN number is the number dialed by the caller
subscriber in PLMN.
Composition of a MDN number.
cc: country code( china=86)
MAC: mobile service access code(china:13x)
H0H1H2H3 : to identify different HLR
ABCD: mobile subscriber number
CC MAC H
0
H
1
H
2
H
3
ABCD
International MDN
National MDN
+
+ +
2. I nternational mobile subscriber identification number
(I MSI )
IMSI is a unique number that can identify a mobile subscriber
in the PLMN network.
MCC MNC MSIN
International
mobile subscriber
identification
National mobile
subscriber
identification
Composition of an IMSI number
MCC mobile country code(CHINA=460)
MNC mobile network code
MSIN mobile subscriber identification number, a 10-bit
algorism number, expressed as

XX: 09 In china(it is allocated by international
organization) ,HoH
1
H
2
H
3
is the same as HoH1H2H3 in the
MDN number, and ABCD is a subscriber number.
IMSI is used in all signaling in a CDMA mobile communication
network, stored in HLR, VLR and the UM card.

XX
+
H
0
H
1
H
2
H
3

+
ABCD
+
3. mobile station identification number (MI N)
MIN is the same as MSIN;
4. Temporary Local Digital Number (TLDN)
TLDN is a number temporarily assigned by VLR of called
party .
In CDMA system, this number is only used when the
calling and the called are not in the same MSC/VLR .
This number is released and re-used by other subscribers
after the completion of the voice connection.
In china, its structure is: 8613344M1M2M3ABC
8613334M1M2M3ABC(reserve)

5 .MSC/VLR number

MSC/VLR number is used in the No.7 signaling.
In china :460030944+M1M2M3+100
M1M2M3: to indentify different MSC/VLR

6.HLR number
HLR number is used in the No.7 signaling .
In china : 4600309+H0H1H2H3+0000

NOTE: These number will be allocated by headquarters .

7. Location area identification number (LAI )
LAI is used to identify the location area.
Its number structure is:
MCCMNCLAC
MCC and MNC : same as the MCC and MNC in IMSI.
LAC is a location area code that uniquely identifies each
location area in our digital PLMN. It is a 2-byte
hexadecimal BCD code represented by L1L2L3L4 (with
the range of 0000FFFF, able to define 65536 different
location areas.)
8.Global Cell I dentificationGCI
It identifies certain cell in a location area.
Structure:
MCC+MNC+LAC+CI
CI:2 bytes hexadecimal BCD code MSC defines.
9. ESN: electronic serial number
It is setting by the manufacturer of the mobile station or UIM card..

10. SI D( system identify) and NI D(network identify)
In CDMA network, system judges whether roaming occurs
according to a pair of identification codes (SID and NID).
Each mobile local network is assigned with a SID, which is decided
by the headquarters.
The NID assignment is managed by local networks.

Number plan in MAP procedure
1. Location updating between MSCs

3
5
1
HLR
MSC/VLR1
MSC/VLR2
M
S
M
S
2
4
6
Number plan in MAP procedure
2. Fixed subscriber call mobile subscriber

PSTN
GMSC MSC/VLR
HLR
MS
1 6
4
3
2
5
1.MDN 2. MDN 3. MSC/VLR 4. HLR number
5. GMSC/VLR number 6. TLDN
Note :All these numbers are the called numbers
Number plan in MAP procedure
3. mobile subscriber call mobile subscriber


6
3
4
5
2
9
7 8 10 1
HLR/AUC
MSC1/VLR2 MSC2/VLR2
MS1 MS2