COMPETENCY BASED

EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
Competency-based education has become a
hot topic in higher education circles these
days.
it is becoming increasingly popular as the
country searches for ways to improve
college affordability and more accurately
measure student learning.

INTRODUCTION
CBE emerged in the united states in 1970
and refers to an educational movement
that advocates defining educational goals
in terms of precise measureable
descriptions of knowledge, skills and
behaviors students should possess at the
end of a course of study.
WHAT IS COMPETENCY?
Something a person or an organization is
competent in performing.

Competencies are mixture of Nature
talents and Practical skills.
DEFINITION
Competency-based education is defined as an
instructional system in which a performance-
based learning process is used. The learner
demonstrates his/her level of attainment on
subject-area.

According to Schenck
Competency Based Education is outcome based
instruction and is adaptive to the changing needs
of students, teachers, and the community.
Competencies describe the students ability to
apply basic and other skills in situations that are
commonly encountered in everyday life.
DEFINITION

According to Marwick
Competencies consist of a description of
the essential skills, knowledge, attitudes,
and behaviors required for effective
performance of a real-world task or
activity. These activities may be related to
any domain of life, though have typically
been linked to the field of work and to
social survival in a new environment. .
7 Domains & Their Associated
Competencies
Medical Knowledge
Clinical Skills and Patient Care
Scientific and Clinical Inquiry
Professionalism
Interpersonal and Communication Skills
Systems of Health Care
Continuous Improvement of Care through
Reflective Practice
MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE
MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE: Demonstrate the ability to
recall and apply knowledge of human structure, function,
development and pathophysiology and psychosocial
development to patient care.

Competencies:
Recognize and describe normal structure and function of the
body.
Identify the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms
important to maintaining the body's homeostasis.
Identify the altered structure and function (pathology and
pathophysiology) of the body and its major organ systems that
are seen in various diseases and conditions.
Distinguish the causes of disease and recognise the ways in
which they affect the body


CLINICAL SKILLS & PATIENT CARE

Clinical Skills and Patient Care: Demonstrate effective
use of motor and cognitive skills in diagnosis,
management and prevention of common health problems
encountered in patient care.

Competencies:
Develop intervention plans based on an understanding of
current scientific knowledge as applied to health
problems.
Demonstrate the ability to perform complete and
appropriately focused physical exams in a respectful,
logical and organized manner.
Perform routine technical procedures used in both
medicine and surgery.

SCIENTIFIC & CLINICAL INQUIRY

Scientific and Clinical Inquiry: Demonstrate
understanding of scientific theory and methodology and
the critical thinking skills needed to interpret and apply
research to improving patient care.

Competencies:
Demonstrate understanding of the ethical, legal,
professional and social issues implicit in the responsible
design and conduct of research.
Demonstrate the critical thinking skills needed for
applying basic and clinical research to improving patient
care.

PROFESSIONALISM

Professionalism: Demonstrate, through knowledge and
behavior, a commitment to the highest standards of
competence, ethics, integrity and accountability to the
patient and the profession.

Competencies:
Apply and practice scientific standards for quality patient
care.
Demonstrate respect, compassion, altruism and integrity
in all interactions with patients, families, faculty,
residents and peers.
Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to culture,
age, gender, and disabilities of patients, faculty, residents
and peers.

INTERPERSONAL & COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Interpersonal and Communication Skills: Demonstrate
effective listening, verbal and written communication
skills with a wide range of individuals and groups in
order to provide patient-centered care.
Competencies:
Demonstrate effective and appropriate listening, verbal,
non-verbal and written communication skills with and
about patients.
Demonstrate the ability to adapt communications to a
variety of professional settings and roles.
Demonstrate leadership skills that can be used in a
variety of health care settings.

SYSTEMS OF HEALTH CARE

Systems of Health Care: Recognize and work
effectively within the larger context and system of health
care to advocate for and provide quality patient care.

Competencies:
Explain the physician's role as an advocate for the health
care system and for improvement of the medical
profession.
Demonstrate the ability to work effectively in a variety of
health care systems and provide quality patient care while
advocating for the best interest of the patient.
Describe the function of health policy, health-care
delivery and options for health-care reform.

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF CARE
THROUGH REFLECTIVE PRACTICE

Continuous Improvement of Care through Reflective
Practice: Demonstrate habits of self-directed learning,
including awareness of gaps in understanding,
recognition of personal limitations, and acquisition of
new knowledge and skills in order to stay current in all
aspects of medical practice and provide optimal patient
care.
Competencies:
Demonstrate the ability to recognize and
improve upon limitations in one's knowledge
and clinical skills.
Demonstrate lifelong learning in the areas of
science, health care and public health care
advances

TWO THINGS ABOUT ADULT LEARNERS
1. They come to higher education
knowing different things, and they
learn at different rates.
(CBE recognizes this reality and matches the
education to the student. Unlike a one-size-
fits-all approach, it allows adults to come
back to college and apply what they've
learned, either through formal education or
their work and life experience.)
TWO THINGS ABOUT ADULT LEARNERS
2. They can move quickly through
material they already know and
focus on what they still need to
learn.
(For many, this means that they can
accelerate their progress toward a
degree, saving both time and money.)

What is competency-based education and
what makes it different?
The most important characteristic of
competency-based education is that it
measures learning rather than time.
Students progress by demonstrating their
competence, which means they prove that
they have mastered the knowledge and
skills (called competencies) required for a
particular course, regardless of how long it
takes.
What is competency-based education and
what makes it different?
While competency-based education is better
for all students because it allows them to
study and learn at their own pace.
Students progress by demonstrating their
competence, which means they prove that
they have mastered the knowledge and skills
(called competencies) required for a
particular course, regardless of how long it
takes.

NEED FOR COMPETENCY BASED
NURSING EDUCATION

Health care systems all over the world have become
highly competitive.
There is a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field
of nursing education
In many countries, a need has been felt to improve
the quality of health care education and to regularly
assess relevance of both education and training of
health care professionals, especially nursing.
These changes have been made keeping in view the
need to ensure that graduates are competent enough
to meet the needs of the health care field.

PARTICIPANTS
Participants knowledge and skills are
assessed as they enter the program
Learning should be self-paced. Flexible
training approaches including large group
methods, small group activities and
individual study are essential components.
BOOKS,EDUCATION
A variety of support materials including
print, audiovisual and simulations (models)
keyed to the skills being mastered is used.
Satisfactory completion of training is based
on achievement of all specified
competencies.

Subject material for courses in
Competence Based Education is
offered in 3 different modes for the
registered students.
1. Downloadable Mode
2. Class Interaction Practice Mode
3. Read only Mode
DOWNLOADABLE MODE
Downloadable mode empowers to
offer education in a dynamic form
to students. Students can access
lessons, assignments and submit
their scripts online. They need not
brood if they miss lessons - they
can download their lesson notes
and access archived lessons,
tutorial sessions, lectures etc

READONLY MODE
Students will be able to only read
the course concepts. Downloading
or interaction is unavailable.

CLASS INTERACTION MODE
The interactive learning provides
an environment for students to talk
and discuss freely about any
related topics on line or off line.
Two ways of interaction Classroom
interaction.
1. X-CHAT
2. MAILING GROUP

X-CHAT
Client Server Model that works with
Internet Relay Chat Server Protocol.
It allows servers to connect to each
other effectively forming a network.
Protocol is used by servers to talk to
each other. Instructor and participants
can talk with each other and discuss
on related topic for stipulated time
given by the instructor.

MAIL GROUP
Participants can become member of
Mailing-group by registering their
names in their group. Once approved
by the instructor, participants can
post their questions to this group ID.
This way Course instructor or any
other participant can reply to
questions that will be read by all the
members in that group including the
instructor.

Participants progress through the
curriculum by demonstrating their
competence in a variety of skill
and knowledge areas.
Student who demonstrates a
competency is showing the ability
"to do" something to put
knowledge and principles into
practice.

After completing all examinations,
students are required to apply the
course content in his or her work
setting and submit an example of
how they achieved this goal.

Participants will achieve
competencies required in the
performance of their jobs.
Participants build confidence as
they succeed in mastering specific
competencies. Participants receive
a transcript or list of the
competencies they have achieved.


CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENCY
BASED NURSING EDUCATION


A curriculum that is competency based will contain
very specific outcome statements that contain the
competencies to be attained. These outcome
statements can also be thought of as learner goals
and are measurable.
A student in a competency-based program will
continue in the class until he demonstrates a level
of competency that shows mastery.
There are typically multiple kinds of instructional
styles used, including group activities, hands-on
practice, individual performance, etc.


CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENCY
BASED NURSING EDUCATION

The focus of a competency-based
program is not on learning theory, but is
more on the needs of the learner.
Those needs are generally basic skills, the
application of those skills and the
attainment of higher skills.
Competency-based instruction generally
provides the learner with immediate
feedback and is paced to the needs of the
learner.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Sliding back into
traditional teaching
methods if there is
not enough follow-up
and training for the
facilitators.

Training time is used more
efficiently and effectively.
More training time is
devoted to working with
participants individually or
in small groups as
opposed to presenting
lectures
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
More training time is
devoted to evaluating
each participants
ability to perform
essential job skills.

If the competencies and
accompanying rubrics
are not carefully chosen
and planned to ensure
successful
implementation, the
curriculum will not be
strong enough to
support a true
competency-based
learning experience.

CONCLUSION
A competency-based curriculum, if done right,
will enhance the skill levels of professionals in
white collar jobs as well as those workers in
blue collar jobs.
Implemented effectively, competency-based
education can improve quality and consistency,
reduce costs, shorten the time required to
graduate, and provide us with true measures of
student learning.