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PE 254
Introduction to
Measurement and Evaluation
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Measurement and Evaluation
in Your Daily Routine
alarm clock
gasoline gauge
speedometer
meeting new people
opinion of this class
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Current Trends
public health initiatives
promotion of physical activity
problems with obesity
evaluation standards for school
programs
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Test and Data
Test: An instrument or activity used to accumulate
data on a persons ability to perform a specified
task. In kinesiology the content of these tests are
usually either cognitive, skill, or fitness.

Data: The translation of behavior into a numerical
or verbal descriptor which is then recorded in
written form.
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Why Administer Tests?
To measure individual differences on a
specific trait (behavior).

Discussion: Is a test good if
everyone/anyone scores 100%? Or, is a
test good if everyone/anyone scores 0%?
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Use of Tests
Motivation
Achievement
Improvement
Diagnosis
Prescription
Grading
Classification
Prediction

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Administrative Concerns in Test Selection
Relevance
Education value
Economic value
Time
Norms
Bias
Safety

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Measurement
A measurement takes place when a test
is given and a score is obtained .
If the test collects quantitative data, the
score is a number.
If the test collects qualitative data, the
score may be a phrase or word such as
excellent.
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Types of Assessment
Quantitative
time in one mile run
score on basketball spot shooting test
grade on weight training exam
Qualitative
excellent ranking on throwing form
checklist on golf swing
score on gymnastics routine
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Measurement Process Involves Four Steps
1. Define the characteristics that you want to
measure.
2. Select the appropriate test. This may also mean
to select the appropriate testing instrument.
3. Administer the test. If an instrument is involved
in the testing, this also means to use the
instrument correctly.
4. Collect and record the measurement from the
test.
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Considerations When Taking Measurements
Remember that you are measuring a
characteristic of the personyou are not
measuring the person themselves; thus,
make no judgments about the person.
Make no comical remarks regarding the
collected data.
Have a high ethical standards when
collecting the data.
Be professional.
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Subjective vs. Objective Measurement
A subjective measurement is one that can
possibly be interpreted differently.

An objective measurement is one that
cannot be interpreted differently because of
numerical values.


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Class Discussion
Every time you go to a doctors office, they
weigh you. Lets say you weigh 140 pounds.

Did your measurement of 140 pounds come
from a test? Why or why not?
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Evaluation
Definition 1: The process of making
judgments about the results of measurement
in terms of the purpose of the measurement.

Definition 2: The process of obtaining
information (data) and using it to form
judgments, which in turn are used in decision
making.
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Steps Involved in Making an Evaluation

1. Define the objective or the purpose of the test.
2. Measure the performance or administer the test.
3. Find or develop a standard.
4. Compare a persons performance on the test to a
standard.
5. Make the evaluation then discuss and distribute
the results in the most appropriate manner.
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Formative & Summative Evaluation
Formative evaluation: If the evaluation is at
the beginning or during.

Summative evaluation: If the evaluation is at
the end.
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Professional Measurement
and Evaluation
protocols for assessing injuries and charting
rehabilitation
statistical information that coaches collect in
athletics
fitness testing in schools
assessing a clients fitness level and
evaluating progress
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Norms
Evaluations are often based on norms:

Local norm: Norms based on a relatively small group of
subjects. Ex: Pull-up norms for 7
th
grade boys at one
school.
State norms: Norms that are representative of all similar
subjects in the state. Ex: CAHPERD fitness norms for 7
th

grade boys.
National norms: Norms that are representative of all
similar subjects in the United States. Ex: AAHPERD
fitness norms for 7
th
grade girls.
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Reliability
Reliability defined as the consistency of an
individual when repeatedly performing the same
test.
Example: If a group of people take the same test
on two different days, the scores obtained should
be approximately the same.
A reliable test will yield data that are stable,
repeatable, and precise.
Reliability of a test refers to the dependability of
test scores.
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Validity
The American Psychological Association (APA)
reported that validity is the most important
characteristic to a test or measuring instrument.
The validity of each test can only be evaluated
in terms of a particular purpose and for a
particular group.
Example: A strength test that is valid for college-
aged students is not necessarily valid for
sedentary adults.
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Group Activity
Identify the reliability and validity for administering the 1.5-
mile run in college-aged students.

Identify the reliability and validity for administering a
standing broad jump in elementary school students.

Identify the reliability and validity for administering
basketball free throws in junior high students.

Identify the reliability and validity for administering a field
goal kick in football among high school students in a
physical education class.

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Quick Summary:
Test, Measurement, and Evaluation
Test instrument, protocol, or technique
that measures attribute of interest
Measurement process of collecting data on
attribute of interest
Evaluation process of interpreting the
collected measurement to make professional
judgment of value or worth