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CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
BY. GROUP 2/ A-2/A13
MEMBERS
DELLA FEBIEN PRAHASIWI 131311133024
DIAH PRIYANTINI 131311133027
DLUHA MAFULA 131311133031
DEWI ANGGRAINI NURJANAH 131311133034
YULIATI NUR HIDAYAH 131311133037
DESY MUSTIKA ANGGRAENI 131311133040
ALVINIA LAKSMI FITRIATY 131311133043
Concep Map
CARDIOVAS
CULAR
SYSTEM
Anatomy
Physiology
Type
Classification
Etiology
Clinical
Appearences
ANATOMY OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
LOCATION
The heart lies in the thoracic cavity and resting on
the diaphraghm. Its posterior border is near the
vertebral column, and its anterior border is near
the sternum.
Heart have three layers (epicardium,
myocardium, and endocardium).

The epicardium, consists of connective tissue and some
deep adipose tissue. It protects the heart by reducing
friction.

The myocardium, is mostly made of cardiac musscle
tissue. It pumps blood out of the heart.

The endocardium, is made up of epithelium and
connective tissue with many elastic and collagenous
fibers.
The inside of the heart is divided into four
chambers, two on left and two on right.
The upper chambers are called atria (atrium). It
receive blood returning to the heart.
The lower chambers are called ventricle. It
receive blood from atria and then they pump out
into the arteries.
Between the right and left chamber there is
septum
Right atria
Right ventricular
Left ventricular
Left atria
Atrioventricular Valves, divided into :
1. Tricuspid valve
2. Bicuspid valve
Semilunar Valves, devided into:
1. Aortic Valve
2. Pulmonal Valve

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
Tricuspid valve
The tricuspid valve lies between the right atrium
and ventricle, allows blood to move from the right
atrium into the right ventricle and preventing
backflow.

Bicuspid (mitral) valve
The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and
ventricle, allows blood to move from the left atrium
into the left ventricle and preventing backflow.
SEMILUNAR VALVES
Aortic valve
Lies at the base of aorta , open to allow blood to
leave the left ventricle during contraction. When
the ventricle relaxes, the valve prevent blood from
backing up into the ventricle.
Pulmonar valve
Lies at the base of pulmonary trunks, allow blood
to leave the right ventricle and preventing backflow
into the ventricular chamber.
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD VESSELS
PHYSIOLOGY OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
ACTION POTENTIAL OF HEART
Phase 0 (rest)
Ekstracellular of heart
cells become positive
polarity and intracellular
of heart cells become
negative. Cell
membrane permeable
with potassium than
sodium so potassium
exit to ekstracellular.
ACTION POTENTIAL OF HEART
Phase 1
(Depolarisation)
Permeability of
sodium increase,
sodium exit to
ekstracellular.
ACTION POTENTIAL OF HEART
Phase 2 (Partial
Polarisation)
Calcium influx to
the intracells.
This phase can
called Plateau
phase.

ACTION POTENTIAL OF HEART
Phase 3 (Plato)
In this phase,
potassium leave
the cells, sodium
and calcium influx
to cells, this phase
can called stable
depolarization.
ACTION POTENTIAL OF HEART
Phase 4
(Repolarisation)
Calcium and
sodium increase,
potassium leave
cells fastly.
Conduction System of Heart
SA Node
This node is the beginning of heart contraction, after that impulses run to
AV Node. This node influenced by sympathetic and parasympathetic
nerves that accelerate or slow down the rhythm.
AV Node
AV Node delay impulses until filling of atrial finished and before contraction
of ventricular.
AV Bundle
The impulses run from AV Node to front, edge and under of pars
membransea. After that impulses run to cordis stale and split become two
pars septalis dekstra and pars septalis sinistra.
Purkinje Fibers
In this place, conductivity speed become 5 times. Fast conductivity make
left and right atrial contraction together, and followed by ventricular
contraction.

CARDIAC OUTPUT
Cardiac output (CO) is defined as the volume of
blood ejected from the heart in 1 minute. The
determinants of CO are heart rate (HR) in beats
per minute and stroke volume (SV) in milliliters
per beat. The equation is:

TYPE AND CLASSIVICATION
OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION
SISTEMIC
AND
PULMONARY
Pulmonary Circulation: heart to lungs back to heart

SISTEMIC
CIRCULATION
Leaves the heart services the bodys cells reenter the hearts
CLASSIFICATION
Cardiomyopathy Congestive / Dilatation
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Heart Failure
The heart is unable to provide sufficient pump action to
maintain blood flow to meet the needs of the body.
Myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Other forms of coronary artery disease.
Hypertension.
Valvular heart disease.
Cardiomyopathy
CLINICAL APPEARANCE
Left heart failure
Dyspnea
Cough
Easily tired
Anxiety
Right heart failure
Congestive peripheral and visceral tissues.
Edema of the lower extremities ( dependent edema )
Usually pitting edema, weight gain, hepatomegaly and
tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen
caused by enlargement of the veins in the liver.
Anorexia and nausea.
Caused by enlargement of the veins and venous static in
the abdominal cavity.
Nocturia.
Weakness.

CLINICAL APPEARANCE
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BY. KELOMPOK 2/KELAS A-2/A13