What is Natural Gas

Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbonsmainly

methane
(CH4)and is produced either from gas wells or in
conjunction with crude oil production.

COMPOSITION VOL. %
Methane 91.9
Ethane 3.7
Carbon dioxide 2.0
Propane 1.2
i-Butane 0.4
i-Pentane 0.2
n-Pentane 0.2
Nitrogen 0.2
n-Butane 0.1

Properties of Natural Gas
Odorless Colorless - Tasteless
Methyl Mercaptan is added to give it
its distinguishable rotten egg odor
Odorized natural gas is detectable at
concentrations significantly less than
1%
VAPOR DENSITY
30 % Lighter than Air
Air = 1
Natural Gas
0.7
Will rise and collect near the ceiling
Propane
1. 56
Combustion Products
Complete combustion = Heat, CO2 &
Water Vapor
Incomplete combustion = Carbon
monoxide
LONG-TERM (CHRONIC) EFFECTS
Increased susceptibility to bacterial or
viral respiratory infections
Asthma
Persistent cough
Lung cancer
Heart Rhythm problems
Blood disorders
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
WHY CNG?
Benefits of CNG use are multifold.
Environment friendly and hence better health
CNG powered vehicles require lower maintenance cost
Mixes easily and disperses easily into the atmosphere
Increased life of lubricating oils, does not contaminate
crankcase oil
Economical
Safer


Fuel substitution : CNG to
improve air quality in DELHI
The great CNG order in Delhi
July 28, 1998 - Supreme Court of India orders the
CNG program for Delhi
No buses over 8 years old after 4/1/2000 except on CNG
All buses on CNG or other clean fuel by 3/31/2001
Financial incentives for CNG in taxis, three-wheelers etc.
Increase the number of buses to at l east 10,000
The Historic verdict
Incorporated in 1998, IGL is a Joint Venture of GAIL and
BPCL. Govt. of NCT of Delhi is also holding 5% equity

IGL started its operations in NCT of Delhi in 1999 with only 9
CNG stations and 1000 PNG consumers

Today IGL has its operations in NCT of Delhi, Noida, Greater
Noida and Ghaziabad with 280 CNG stations, 310000
residential consumers and 730 industrial / commercial
customers

Fuelling the largest CNG Bus fleet in the World

Connected to 310000 residential consumers, second largest in
India



CNG REQUIREMENTS IN DELHI ARE
MET THROUGH IGL
December 2002: CNG programme
established astructure
CNG station network in DELHI
77%
19%
4%
CNG
Comm./
Ind./Others
Household
STATION IGL
DTC/
UPSRTC
OMC TOTAL
Online 103 41 62 206
Daughter 0 0 1 1
Daughter Booster 3 0 76 79
Total 106 41 139 286
SALES THROUGH IGL
NO. OF CNG Vehicles in
DELHI
March'07 March'08 March'09 March'10 March'11
CAGR
last five
years
Dec'11
Buses
11552 11665
12918 13900 16655
9%
16880
Auto
68498 80276
93440 106699 121854
13%
130000
RTV
5417 5667
5730 5793 11070
14%
12640
Cars/Taxi
47669 130149
175313 213259 281802
63%
328000
Total
133136 227757 287401 339651 431381 32% 487520
CNG CONVERSION
Cars showing different parts of CNG kit
installed
Front view of the
Engine
Rear view of the car with the CNG cylinder
What has Delhi achieved since 1998?
On fuel quality
500 ppm sulphur fuels in 2000 and 350 ppm sulphur fuels in 2005
Petrol with 1 per cent benzene
Mandated pre-mix petrol to two- and three-wheelers

On vehicle technology
Euro II emissions standards in 2000, five years ahead of schedule and Euro III in
2005

On alternative fuels
Implemented largest ever CNG programme more than 400,000 CNG vehicles in
one city within a span of 5 years
Largest ever public transport bus fleet on clean fuels 10,600 CNG buses

Other cross cutting policy measures
Improved air quality monitoring (Begun monitoring of PM2.5 and air toxics)
Strengthened vehicle inspection programme (Implemented improved CO and HC
norms and begun a pilot phase of lambda measurement)
Efforts made to bypass transit traffic Set up independent fuel testing laboratories to
check fuel adulteration
Impact on air quality :
Air pollution stabilized
PM10 at ITO Traffic Intersection
(March 98-Jun 05)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
M
a
r
-
9
8
S
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8
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PM10 trend projection
pre Supreme Court
directions
PM10 trend March 98- Dec 05,
Post Supreme Court directions
ITO: Sulfur Dioxide 1997-2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1
9
9
7
1
9
9
8
1
9
9
9
2
0
0
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*
a
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m
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/
c
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Annual average Annual Standard: 60 microgram/cum
ITO: CO 1996 - 2004
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
c
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m
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/
c
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Average concentration
8-hourly standard: 2 milligram/cum
FUTURE SCOPE OF CNG
CNG gate-way to Hydrogen futureHythane :

The pilot project on Hythane programme is to bring the transition and
bridge the
Gap with new generation fuels and technology that are to combat pollution
and
Climate change.

In a major initiative the Indian Oil Corporation Limited commissioned a H-
CNG
dispensing station at Dwarka.

This dispensing station will make H-CNG available or three-wheelers and
cars.
The project is funded jointly by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
and the
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas with an investment of Rs. 5 crores.