GASTROINTESTINAL

TRACT

CONTRAST STUDIES
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
 Gastrointestinal tract is a hollow tube
extending from pharynx to anal canal.
 This tube shows repetitive patterns
through out its course.
 The interpretation of a pattern is likely to
be the same, whether the pattern is seen
in oesophagus or colon.
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

 Themain means of evaluating this hollow

tube is to fill it with contrast medium and
use the patterns seen in the lumen of the
tube to evaluate entire structure of the
disease affecting the tube.
 CONTRAST MEDIUM USED:

 BARIUM SULPHATE:
Most commonly used
 Iodinated water soluble contrast
e.g. GASTROGRAFFIN
Hyperosmolar
Used when perforation is suspected
 METHODS OF STUDY :
1. SINGLE CONTRST EXAMINATION
Here the lumen of the gut is filled and
distended with barium sulphate
suspension.
 The radio-opacity of the barium often
limits the evaluation of gut to analyze its
margins only. To overcome this, multiple
views are taken in profile and also the
compression views.
 METHODS OF STUDY :
2- DOUBLE CONTRAST EXAMINATION:
 Here the wall is coated with barium and the
lumen is then distended with more radiolucent
contrast i.e. Air. It permits more detailed
evaluation of mucosal details.
 Because the lumen is not filled with radio-
opaque material, the lesion can be seen with in
the central portion of lumen more easily than
with single contrast method.
Contrast examination
should be done under
FLUOROSCOPIC
CONTROL.
CONTRAST STUDIES:
 Following are the procedures done to
study gastrointestinal tract.
1. Barium Swallow.
2. Barium meal.
3. Barium follow through.
4. Small bowel enema/ Enteroclysis.
5. Barium enema.
 BARIUM SWALLOW:
 It is done to study PHARYNX &
OESOPHAGUS.

 INDICATIONS: -
1. To investigate DYSPHAGIA
2. To see the oesophageal mobility
3. To see the oesophageal displacement
 BARIUM SWALLOW:
 Following is observed under fluoroscopic
control.
 Act of swallowing & mobility.
 Mucosa.
 Normal indentations.
 Ulcers & diverticula
 Stricture site, length, mucosa.
 Displacement etc.
 CERVICAL OESOPHAGUS:

 Oesophegeal Web.
 Oesophegeal Diverticula.
 BARIUM SWALLOW

Hiatus Hernia.
Sliding Type.
Rolling Type.
 BARIUM SWALLOW

 Oesophagitis.

Reflux Oesophagitis.
Barrett’s Oesophagus.
Moniliasis.
Viral.
Caustic Ingestion.
 BARIUM SWALLOW:

 Esophageal Strictures.


Inflammatory e.g.
Peptic, Corrosives, iatrogenic.
 Neoplastic e.g: Carcinoma, Mediastinal
Tumors, Leiomyoma.
 BARIUM SWALLOW:

 Oesophageal Varices.
 OESOPHAGUS:

 Mallory-Weiss Tear.
 Rupture of the Oesophagus.

Boerhaave’s Syndrome.