MINI PROJECT ON

OPEN SOURCE COMPUTING

CONTENTS
What is Open Source Software?
Open source software is software that provides access
to the source code, meaning that users are free to see
how the product is made.

Users have the right to modify the product to their
liking, experiment with different versions.

Modifying the product and redistribution are the two
main components of open source software.
Reasons to Use Open Source Software

It promotes creative development.Those who can't
afford proprietary software candownload open source
programs for free.
Money saved can be used to purchase other
neededmaterials.
Can easily modify your software to suit patron's
needs and your needs.
The price makes it easier to change your mind
Little to no viruses!
History :

In the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, it was normal for computer
users to have the freedoms that are provided by free
software.

Software was commonly shared by individuals who used
computers and by hardware manufacturers who were glad
that people were making software that made their hardware
useful.

The free software movement was launched in 1983.



In 1998, a group of individuals advocated that
the term free software should be replaced by
open-source software (OSS) as an expression
which is less ambiguous and more comfortable for
the corporate world.

Software developers may want to publish their
software with an open-source license so that
anybody may also develop the same software or
understand its internal functioning.
With open-source software, generally anyone is
allowed to create modifications of it, port it to new
operating systems and processor architectures, share
it with others or, in some cases, market it.
Scholars Casson and Ryan have pointed out several
policy-based reasons for adoption of open source .
The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is an organization
dedicated to promoting open-source software.

The organization was founded in February 1998, by
Bruce Perens and Eric S. Raymond prompted by
Netscape Communications Corporationpublishing the
source code for its flagship Netscape Communicator
product.
Open Source Initiative
Later, in August 1998 the organization added a
board of directors.

Raymond was president from its founding until
February 2005. In May 2012 the new board
elected Simon Phipps as president

The Open Source Software Institute is a U.S.-based
501 non-profit organization whose mission is to
promote the development and implementation of
open-source software solutions within US Federal,
state and municipal government agencies.
OSSI was established in 2000 and has focused on
strategic initiatives to promote the adoption of open
source within US Department of Defense and
Department of Homeland Security.
Open Source Software Institute

Open-source software security is the measure of
assurance or guarantee in the freedom from danger
and risk inherent to an open-source software
system.
More people can inspect the source code to find
and fix a possible vulnerability.
This can lead to both faster discovery of
unintentional security vulnerabilites and prevention
of intentional vulnerabilites in the code put there by
the developers themselves.
Open-source software security

Proprietary software forces the user to accept
the level of security that the software vendor is
willing to deliver and to accept the rate that
patches and updates are released.
The end-user of open-source code has the
ability to change and modify source to
implement any extra "features" of security they
may wish for a specific use, which can extend
to the kernel level if they so wish.
An open-source video game, or simply an open-
source game, is a video game whose source code is
open-source.
They are often freely distributable and sometimes
cross-platform compatible.
Many are included in Linux distributions as a
result.
Open-source video game

Open source games which are free software and
contain exclusively free content are called free
games.
Most free games are open-source, but not all
open-source games are free software; some
open-source games contain proprietary non-free
content.

Differentiate between proprietary and open source
software

Proprietary Software Proprietary Software (Closed Source
Software) means the company that developed the software
owns the software and no one may duplicate it or distribute
it without that companys permission.
Users have to pay to the software company if they want to
use the proprietary software.
Examples: Microsoft Office 2007 Adobe Photoshop CS3
Adobe Flash CS3 Corel Office X3 Windows 7

Open Source Software is a software that is free to
use and which provides the original source code
used to create it so that advanced users can
modify it to make it work better for them.
Examples: Linux GIMP Blender Inkscape Mozilla
Firefox 3.0 OpenOffice.org KOffice
User can get open software s User must pay to get the
for free of charge proprietary software
Users can modify the w Users cannot modify the
software software User must have a license from Users
can install software vendor before install into freely into
any computer computer
No one is responsible to the s Full support from vendor
if software anything happened to the software


Advantages And Disadvantages Of Open
Source

Open-source software is free to use, distribute, and
modify. It has lower costs, and in most cases this is
only a fraction of the cost of their proprietary
counterparts.
Open-source software is more secured as the code is
accessible to everyone.
Anyone can fix bugs as they are found, and users do
not have to wait for the next release.
The fact that is continuously analyzed by a large
community produces secure and stable code.
ADVANTAGE
Open source is not dependent on the company or
author that originally created it.
Even if the company fails, the code continues to
exist and be developed by its users.
Also, it uses open standards accessible to everyone;
thus, it does not have the problem of incompatible
formats that exist in proprietary software.
Lastly, the companies using open-source software
do not have to think about complex licensing models
and do not need anti-piracy measures like product
activation or serial number.
Disadvantages
The main disadvantage of open-source software is
not being straightforward to use.
Open-source operating systems like Linux cannot
be learned in a day.
They require effort and possibly training from your
side before you are able to master them.
You may need to hire a trained person to make
things easier, but this will incur additional costs.
There is a shortage of applications that run both
on open source and proprietary software.
In addition, there are many ongoing parallel
developments on open source software.
This creates confusion on what functionalities are
present in which versions.
Lastly, many of the latest hardware are
incompatible to the open-source platform; so you
have to rely on this third party
The decision of adopting open-source software
should not be taken just on the basis of the low-
cost involved.
open-source license is a type of license for
computer software and other products that allows
the source code, blueprint or design to be used,
modified and/or shared under defined terms and
conditions.

This allows end users to review and modify the
source code, blueprint or design for their own
customization, curiosity or troubleshooting needs.
Open-source licensed software is mostly available
free of charge, though this does not necessarily
have to be the case.
Open-source license
Licenses which only permit non-commercial
redistribution or modification of the source
code for personal use only are generally not
considered as open-source licenses.
However, open-source licenses may have
some restrictions, particularly regarding the
expression of respect to the origin of
software, such as a requirement to preserve
the name of the authors and a copyright
statement within the code, or a requirement
to redistribute the licensed software only
under the same license .



The drawbacks of open source

With all the benefits of using open-source
software, its very easy to rush headlong into
open-source zealotry but, beware.
There are some instances when open source is
not the answer; for example, when the costs of
training, support or maintaining the open-
source application would outweigh the costs
for traditional software licensing.
Remember, free software licensing often
means no telephone or e-mail support.
There may be legal implications of being
unable to prove, for compliance purposes,
that you have the legal right to use the
software.
If your company is using software to transmit
or house sensitive client data, security might
be a concern as well.
Many companies take the smart position of
not using open-source applications for
mission-critical operations such as financial or
medical records.
Examples of open source software

The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain
an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems including
UNIX and Windows NT. The goal of this project is to provide a secure,
efficient and extensible server that provides HTTP services in sync
with the current HTTP standards.