Lymphatic System

Absorbs excess fluid from the tissues

Returns this fluid to the circulatory system
or the heart

Additional function in Immunity
Components of the Lymphatic
System
Lymph
Lymphatic Tissue
Lymphatic Vessels
Thymus
Bone Marrow
Spleen
Lymph
Lymph
The clear fluid
absorbed by
the lymphatic
system
Lymphatic
Tissue
Clusters of
Lymphocytes
and
macrophages
Lymphatic Tissue
Malt: (Mucosa Associated Lymphatic Tissue)
Diffuse array of lymphocytes found along body
passages in mucous membranes.
Examples of malt: lining of the stomach and
respiratory tract
Lymph nodules:
Dense clusters of Lymphocytes
Transient: pop up during infection
Lymphatic Vessels
Carry and Transport
Lymph and proteins

Similar Structure to
veins
Tunica Interna:
Thin inner lining
and valves
Tunica Media:
Elastic fibers and
Smooth Muscle
Tunica Externa:
Thin Outer Layer

Lymphatic Filters
Lymph Nodes- Screen and Filter
Lymph for infectious particles


Spleen- Screen and Filter Blood for
old, dead cells and infectious particles

Subclavian

2 collecting Trunks

6 Lymphatic Trunks

More Collecting Vessels

Lymph Nodes

Collecting Vessels

Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Movement
No pump

Rhythmic contraction of the lymph vessels

Skeletal Muscles

How is backflow prevented?
Immune Cell Generators
Bone Marrow- Makes B- Cells




Thymus- Makes T- Cells
Thymus
Break for
Dynamic Human
Inflammation

Non-specific response to tissue trauma or
infection


4 signs of Inflammation
Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain

Whats the purpose of pain?
Purpose of Inflammation
Remove Invading Pathogens

Remove Debris of Damaged Tissues

Initiate Tissue Repair


Mediators of Inflammation
Chemical Messengers



Leukocyte
Chemical Messengers
Released by mast cells in response to damage

Bradykinin, Histamine, and Leukotrienes
Increases Local Blood Flow to distressed area
Stimulates Vasodilation
Increases Permeability of Capillaries

Whats Accomplished?
Chemical Messengers
Bradykinin, Histamine, and Leukotrienes
Increases Local Blood Flow
Stimulates Vasodilation
Increases Permeability of Capillaries
Whats Accomplished?
Heats area causes redness and swelling
Dilutes toxins and helps Remove waste
Supplies oxygen and nutrients for tissue repair
Pain Response
Purpose?

Causes?

Pain Response
Purpose? Prevents further injury to area.

Causes?
Direct Nerve Damage
Pressure from Swelling
Chemical Stimulation particularly bradykinin
Leukocyte Deployment
Leukocyte: any white blood cell including
T cells, B cells, granulocytes, platelets,
basophils, mast cells, monocytes and
macrophages

Leukocytes Migrate toward inflammed area

Why? TO KILL and RECRUIT
Leukocyte Deployment
Leukocytes Migrate to inflammed tissue

How?
1. Margination or pavementing: To
migrate to the wall of a capillary
2. Diapedesis: Passage of blood cells
through vessel wall into tissue
3. Chemotaxis: Movement of a cell
towards or away a chemical source
What do the leukocytes plan
to do?

Phagocytosis: release of toxic chemicals

Recruit more leukocytes

Phagocytosis
Leukocytes consume and destroy foreign
invaders and dead cells

Ejected as Pus
Break for
Dynamic Human
Selected Topics in Immunity