HIGH RISK NEW

BORN
Hemolytic Diseases of Newborn
• It is also called as
ERYTHROBLOSTOSIS FETALIS
• It is an abnormal destruction of RBC
• The main cause of this is Blood
incompatibility
•
Rh Incompatibility
• It is classically described as Isoimmunization
• Blood groups contains several antigens.
• Rh + ve
• Rh – ve
• If mother is Rh Positive and child is Rh negative
problems will arise
• Child’s immune system will produce anti- Rh
Antibodies
• Usually no effects on 1st born child
• 2nd born child having greater chance of risk
• Destruction of RBCs will happen
Diagnosis

• History collection
• Prenatal diagnosis
• Chorionic villus sampling
• Blood test
•
Clinical manifestations

• Jaundice
• Organomegaly
• Shock
• Hypoglycemia
Treatment

• Rh IG is administered
intramuscularly
• Its also can administered as
a preventive tool
Meconium aspiration syndrome

•Aspiration of amniotic
fluid containing
meconium into fetal or
new born in-utero or at
st
1 breath
Risk factors

•Post maturity
•Multiple births
Clinical manifestations

• Tachypnea
• Hypoxia
• In early Hyperventilation
• In late Hypoventilation
Treatment

• Suction
• Treat respiratory distress
• Prevent acidosis
• Exogenous surfactant
Apnea of new born

• Laps of spontaneous breathing

for20 sec or longer that may
or may not be followed by
bradycardia, oxygen
destruction, and colour
change
C/M

•Persistent apneic spells

•cyanosis
Treatment

• Check thermal stability

• Administer theophylline or
caffeine as ordered
• Administer Nasal Continues
Positive Airway Pressure

Neonatal Seizures
• Its is clinical manifestations of any
underlying disease
•
• The most common is Encephalopathy
Causes
• Metabolic
– Hypoglycemia/ Hyperglycemia
– Hypocalcemia
– Hypomagnesemia
• Toxic and electrolyte
– Hypernatremia
– Narcotic withdrawal
– uremia
• Prenatal infections
– Toxoplasmosis
– Syphilis
– hepatitis
contd

• Postnatal infections
• Trauma of the birth
• Malformations
C/M
• Tremor
• Jitteriness
• Twitching
• Drooling
• Staring
Diagnosis

• History
• Physical examinations
• Blood test
• Electro encephalography
Treatment

• Preventing brain damage

• Symptomatic mgt
Sepsis

• Sepsis or septicemia is
referred to the generalized
bacterial infections
occurred
Causes

• Syphilis
• E. coli.
• H. influenza
• Streptococci
• Candida albicans
Symptoms
• Fever
• Cyanosis
• Edema
• Irregular heart beat
• Dyspnea
• Poor feeding
• Vomiting
• Organomegaly
• Jaundice
• Pallor
Infants of Diabetic Mothers

• The seniority of maternal diabetes

will affects child’s health
Clinical manifestations
• Large for gestational age
• Very plump and full faced
• Liberal coat of vernix caseosa
• Listlessness and lethargy
• Large placenta and umbilical cord
Treatment

• Careful monitoring of serum

glucose level
• Observation of complications
such as RDS
Necrotizing Enterocolitis

• It is an acute inflammatory
disease of bowel with
increased incidence in
preterm infants
Causes

• Interstitial ischemia
• Colonization by pathogenic
bacteria
• Substrate in the Interstitial
lumen
Clinical manifestations
Non specific Specific
Lethargy Distended abdomen
Poor feeding Blood in the stools
Hypotension Gastric retention
Vomiting Localized abdominal wall
erythema
Apnea Bilious vomiting
Decreased urinary output
Unstable temperature
Jaundice
Diagnosis

• History
• P/E
• Blood test
Treatment

• NPO at least 1-2 days

• IV Antibiotics
• IV fluids
• O 2 Rx
Anemia
Description
Loss of blood from hemorrhage during

delivery
Or

Frequent blood withdrawal

Or

Inadequate erythropoiesis
Clinical manifestations
• Pallor
• Apnea
• Tachypnea
• Diminished activity
• Poor feeding
• Poor wt gain
• RDS
• Respiratory difficulty
Diagnosis

• H/O
• P/E
• Blood test
Treatment
• Administer volume expanders for
hypovolemia at birth
– 5% Albumin, RL, NS
• Blood Transfusion
• Administer Recombinant Human
Erythropoietin
Special considerations

• Use micro samples for blood test

• Monitor amount of blood drawn for test
• Administer iron supplement
•
Thank you