MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

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{ }
x d dy y x f dxdy y x f
dy dx y x f dxdy y x f
d y c b x a y x R
x,y f
b
a
d
c
b
a
d
c
d
c
b
a
d
c
b
a
} } } }
} } } }
(

=
(

=
s s s s =
) , ( ) , (
) , ( ) , (
then
, : ) , (
region r rectangula a in continuous is ) ( If
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Iterated Integral
} }
} }

+
1
0
2
1
1
1
2
2
30 (ii)
) 2 3 ( (i)
x
x
ydydx
dydx xy x
Example1
Evaluate the iterated integrals.
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| |
{ }
| |
14
) 1 ( 2 ) 2 ( 2 2 6
] ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 3 [ ] ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 3 [
3 ) 2 3 (
obtain we integrals, iterated of definition the Using (i)
3 3
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
2 2 2 2
2
1
1
1
2 2
2
1
1
1
2
=
= = =
+ + =
+ = +
}
}
} } }
=
=

x dx x
dx x x x x
dx xy y x dydx xy x
y
y
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Solution :
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| |
| |
2
3 5 3 5
) 15 15 (
15 30
obtain we integrals, iterated of definition the Using (ii)
1
0
5 3
1
0
4 2
1
0
2
1
0
2
2
=
= =
=
=
}
} } }
=
=
x x
dx x x
dx y ydydx
x y
x y
x
x
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theorem. s Fubini integrals iterated an as
calculated be can function continuous any of integrals
double the 1943), - (1879 Fubini Gaudio to According
{ } d y c b x a y x R s s s s = , : ) , (
if region r rectangula a on theorem s Fubini
} } }} } }
= =
b
a
d
c
d
c
b
a
dydx y x f dxdy y x f dA y x f ) , ( ) , ( ) , (
R
then
Fubinis Theorem
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Type 1
Type 2
} } }}
=
b
a
y
y R
dydx y x f dA y x f
2
1
) , ( ) , (
} } }}
=
d
c
x
x R
dxdy y x f dA y x f
2
1
) , ( ) , (
{ }
(-2,1) and (3,1) (0,0), ertices v
h the region wit r triangula closed the is ; ) , ( (iii)
sin and 0
, , 0 bounded region the is ; ) , ( (ii)
2 0 , 2 : ) , ( ; 4 ) , ( (i)
) , ( Evaluate
2
2
R xy y x f
x y y
x x R y y x f
y y x y y x R y x y x f
dA y x f
R
=
= =
= = =
s s s s = =
}}
t
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Example2
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Solution :
| |
5
36
5
2
4
2
) 2 6 (
]} ) ( 2 [ ] 2 ) 2 ( 2 {[
2 ) 4 ( ) 4 (
2
0
5 4
3
2
0
4 3 2
2
0
3 2 2 2 2
2
0
2
2
2
0
2
2
2
=
(

+ =
+ =
=
= =
}
}
} } } }}
=
=
=
=
=
=
y y
y
dy y y y
dy y y y y
dy xy x dxdy y x dA y x
y x
y x
y
y
y x
y x
R
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as d illustrate is R region The (ii)
Solution :
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4 2
2 sin
4
1
) 2 cos 1 (
4
1
2
sin
2
0
0
0
2
0
sin
0
2
0
sin
0
t
t
t
t
t t
=
(

=
=
=
(

= =
}
}
} } } }}
=
=
=
=
x
x
dx x
dx
x
dx
y
dydx y dA y
x
x
x
x y
y R
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as d illustrate is R region The (iii)
Solution :
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2
1
2

2
5
) 4 9 (
2
2
1
0
5
1
0
4
1
0
2 2
2
1
0
3
2
2 2
1
0
3
2
2 2
=
(

=
= =
(

= =
} }
} } } }}
=
=
=
=
=
=
y
dy
y
dy y y
y
dy
y x
dxdy xy dA xy
y x
y x
y
y
y x
y x R
as described is solid The
. 0 and 4 , 9
by bounded solid the of volume the Find
2 2
= = + = + z z y y x
9
2 2
= + y x
y z = 4
0 = z
R
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Example 3
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: R region the is solid the of base The
Solution :
}
}
} } }}

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
(

=
= =
3
3
2
3
3
9
9
2
3
3
9
9
9 8
2
4
) 4 ( ) 4 (
by given is volume the Thus,
2
2
2
2
dx x
dx
y
y
dydx y dA y V
V
x y
x y
x
x
x y
x y
R
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t
t t t t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
36
2 2
) sin(
2 2
sin
36
2
2 sin
36
) 1 2 (cos 36 cos 72
) cos 3 ( ) sin 1 ( 9 8 9 8
2 /
2 /
2 /
2 /
2 /
2 /
2
2 /
2 /
2
3
3
2
=
(

|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

+ =
+ = =
= =

} }
} }
t
t
dt t tdt
tdt t dx x V
Hence . cos 3 , sin 3 let Now tdt dx t x = =
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Example 4
} } } }
2
0
1
2 0
2
(ii)
sin
(i)
Evaluate
y
x
x
dxdy e dydx
y
y
t t
as d illustrate is
R region The (i)
Solution :
Reversing The Order of
Integration
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. integrated be cannot
sin
But
}
y
y
: n integratio of order the reverse , So dydx dxdy
: become region the Then,
| |
| |
2 1 cos
cos sin
) 0 (
sin
sin
sin sin
(i)
0
0
0
0
0
0 0 0
= + =
= =
=
=
=
}
}
}
} } } }
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
y ydy
dy y
y
y
dy x
y
y
dxdy
y
y
dydx
y
y
y
y
y
y
y x
x
y
y
y x
x
x
x
y
x y
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as d illustrate is R region The (ii)
Solution :
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. integrated be cannot But
2
}
dx e
x
: n integratio of order the reverse So, dydx dxdy
: become region the Then,
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| |
| | 1
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
1
2 /
2
2
2 2
= =
= =
=
=
}
}
}
} } } }
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
e e du e
dx xe
dx y e
dydx e dxdy e
u
u
u
u
x
x
x
x
x
x y
y
x
x
x
x y
y
x
y
y
x
y x
x
s coordinate polar in the
) ( of integral the evaluate may then we ) (
to ) ( function a convert can that we Suppose
the
in evaluate easier to is it shape, circular involving When
u u r, f r, f z
x,y z
=
s. coordinate polar
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s coordinate Polar
r

x
y
) , ( u r P
u cos r x =
u sin r y =
2 2
y x r + =
|
.
|

\
|
=

x
y
1
tan u
< s r 0
t u 2 0 < s
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R
dA
dV
A
V
}}
=
=
R
dA r f V
dA r f dV
) , (
) , (
u
u
) ( u r, f z =
) ( u r, f z =
} }
} }
+
+

1
0 0
2 2
2
2
0
4
0
2 2
) ( (ii)
) cos( (i)
s coordinate polar to
changing by integrals following the Evaluate
2
y
x
dxdy
y x
y
dydx y x
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Example 5
as described is R n integratio of region The (i)
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Solution :
0 = r
2 = r
0 = u
2 / t u =
| |
4
4 sin
4 sin sin
) (cos
) (cos
) cos(
Therefore
2 /
0
2
1
2 /
0
4
0
2
1
2 /
0
4
0
2
1
2 /
0
2
0
2
2
0
4
0
2 2
2
t
u u
u
u
t t
t
t
=
= =
=
=
+
} }
} }
} }
} }

d d u
dud u
rdrd r
dydx y x
x
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Solution :
as described is R n integratio of region The (ii)
8 4 2 2
1
2
1
sin
2
csc
sin
2
sin
) sin (
Therefore
2 /
4 /
2 /
4 /
2
2
2 /
4 /
2
csc
0
2
2 /
4 /
csc
0
2
2 /
4 /
csc
0
2
2
1
0 0
2 2
2
t t t
u u u
u
u u u u
u
u
t
t
t
t
t
t
u
t
t
u
t
t
u
=
|
.
|

\
|
= = =
(

= =
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
} }
} } }
} }
} }
=
=
d d
d
r
drd r
rdrd
r
r
dxdy
y x
y
r
r
y
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as described is base its and solid The
3. Example solve to s coordinate polar the Use
R
3 = r
R
y
x
3 3
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Example 6
| | t u u u u
u u
u u u u
u
t
t
t
t t u
u
36 cos 9 18 ) sin 9 18 (
sin
3
2
) sin 4 ( ) sin 4 (
) sin 4 ( ) 4 (
by given is V volume the Thus,
2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
3
2
2
0
3
0
2
2
0
3
0
= + = =
(

=
= =
= =
}
}
} } } }
}} }}
=
=
=
=
=
=
d
d
r
r
drd r r rdrd r
dA r dA y V
r
r
r
r
R R
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A lamina is a flat sheet (or plate) that is so thin as to
be considered two-dimensional.
Suppose the lamina occupies a region D of the xy-
plane and its density (in units of mass per area) at a
point (x, y) in D is given by (x, y), where is a
continuous function on D. This means that
A
m
y x
A
A
= lim ) , (
where m and A are the mass and area of a small
rectangle that contains (x, y) and the limit is taken as
the dimensions of the rectangle approach 0.
Laminas & Density
Definition mass of a planar lamina
of variable density
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( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
0 0
1
1
2
0
0
A triangular lamina with vertices 0,0 , 0,1
and 1,0 has density function , .
Find its total mass.
Solution :
,
1 1
...
2 24
x
R
x
x y xy
m x y dA xy dydx
m xy dx unit of mass

+
+
=
= =
(
= = =
(

}} } }
}
Example 7
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The moment of a point about an axis is the product of
its mass and its distance from the axis.
To find the moments of a lamina about the x- and y-
axes, we partition D into small rectangles and assume
the entire mass of each subrectangle is concentrated
at an interior point. Then the moment of R
ij
about the
x-axis is given by

and the moment of R
k
about the y-axis is given by
| |
* * * *
) , ( ) )( mass (
ij ij ij ij
y A y x y A ~
| |
* * * *
) , ( ) )( mass (
ij ij ij ij
x A y x x A ~
Moment
rahimahj@ump.edu.my

}}
= =

= A =
m
i
n
j
D
ij ij ij
n m
x
dA y x y A y x y M
1 1
* * *
,
) , ( ) , ( lim
The moment about the x-axis of the entire
lamina is
The moment about the y-axis of the entire
lamina is

}}
= =

= A =
m
i
n
j
D
ij ij ij
n m
y
dA y x x A y x x M
1 1
* * *
,
) , ( ) , ( lim
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Center of Mass
The center of mass of a lamina is the balance point.
That is, the place where you could balance the lamina
on a pencil point. The coordinates (x, y) of the center
of mass of a lamina occupying the region D and having
density function (x, y) is


where the mass m is given by
}} }}
= = = =
D
x
D
y
dA y x y
m m
M
y dA y x x
m m
M
x ) , (
1
) , (
1

}}
=
D
dA y x m ) , (
Moments and Center of Mass of A
Variable Density Planar Lamina
( )
{ }
( )
2
Find the mass and center of mass of the lamina
that occupies the region and has the given
density of function .
a) , 0 2, 1 1 ; ,
4 4
: , , 0
3 3
) is bounded by , 0, 0, and 1;
x
D
D x y x y x y xy
Ans
b D y e y x x
x

= s s s s =
| |
|
\ .
= = = =
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
2
2
2 2
,
4 1
1 1
: 1 , ,
4
2 1 9 1
y y
e
e
Ans e
e e
=
| |

+
|

|

\ .
Example 8
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Example 9
Find the surface area of the portion of the surface
that lies above the rectangle R in the xy-
plane whose coordinates satisfy
2
4 x z =
4 0 and 1 0 s s s s y x
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Example 10
Find the surface area of the portion of the paraboloid
below the plane
2 2
y x z + =
1 = z
G region closed D - 3 a on
) ( variables three of function a of n integratio
an is s coordinate Cartesian in integrals Triple
x,y,z f
dzdA dzdydx dV = =
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Example 11
G region the of volume (ii)The
6 ) , , ( where dV ) , , ( (i)
evaluate plane, - and plane - , 1
by bounded octant first in the region the is G If
G
2
z z y x f z y x f
yz xy y z , x y
=
= + =
}}}
below shown as
is plane - xy on the R projection its and G region The
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Solution:
obtain we Thus . 1 and
1 0 by bounded R region a is plane -
on the G of projection The 1 ) ( z and
0 ) ( 6z, ) ( have we case In this
2
2
1
= =
= =
=
= =
y x y
, , x x xy
y. x,y
x,y z x,y,z f
| |
}}
}}
}} } }}} }}}
=
=
(
(

= =
=
=
=
=
R
R
y z
z
R
y z
z G G
dA y
dA z
dA zdz zdV dV z y x f
2
1
0
2
1
0
) 1 ( 3
3
6 6 ) , , (
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(i)
| |
35
16
7 5
3
) 3 3 1 ( ) 1 (
) 1 (
) 1 ( 3
1
0
7
5 3
1
0
6 4 2
1
0
3 2
1
0
1
3
1
0
1
2
2
2
=
(

+ =
+ = =
=
=
} }
}
} }
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
x
x x x
dx x x x dx x
dx y
dydx y
x
x
y
x y
x
x
y
x y
rahimahj@ump.edu.my

}} }} } }}}
=
(
(

= =
=
= R R
y z
z G
dA y dA dz dV V ) 1 (
1
0
15
4
10 3 2 2 2
1
2
) 1 (
1
0
5 3
1
0
4
2
1
0
1
2
1
0
1
2
2
=
(

+ =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
(

=
=
}
}
} }
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
x x x
dx
x
x
dx
y
y
dydx y
x
x
y
x y
x
x
y
x y
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(ii)
) ( u rdrd dz dzdA dV = =
x
z
y
dA
r
dr
dz
d
rd
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s Coordinate Polar l Cylindrica
u cos r x =
u sin r y =
2 2
y x r + =
|
.
|

\
|
=

x
y
1
tan u
< s r 0
t u 2 0 < s
< < z
.
are plane -
on the R projection its and G region the of solid The
. 0 and , 25 , 9 by bounded
solid the of volume the find to s coordinate l cylindrica e Us
2 2 2 2
xy
z y x z y x = = = +
9
2 2
= + y x
2 2
25 y x z =
0 = z
Example 12
( )
3
122
3
61
3
) 25 (
) 25 (
2
1
25
25

Thus, 0. z have also We . 25 z
obtain we , relation Using
2
0
2
0
9
0
2 / 3
2
0
9
0
2 / 1
2
0
3
0
2
2
25
0
2 2
2 2 2
2
1
t
u u
u u
t t
t t u
u
= =
(

=
= =
=
(
(

= =
= =
= +
} }
} } } }
}} }} } }}}
=
=
=
=
=
=
d d
u
dud u rdrd r
dA r dA dz dV V
-r
r y x
r
r
R R
r z
z G
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Solution:
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Example 13
are plane - xy on the R projection its and G region the of solid The
9. z plane the and paraboloid by the
bounded solid the of volume the find to s coordinate l cylindrica Use
2 2
= + = y x z
2
81
4
81
4 2
9
) 9 (
) 9 (
) 9 (
is volume required the Thus
2
0
2
0
3
0
4 2
2
0
3
0
3
2
0
3
0
2
2
9
2
t
u
u u
u
t
t t
t u
u
= =
(

= =
=
=
(
(

= =
}
} } }
} }
}} }} } }}}
=
=
=
=
=
=
d
d
r r
drd r r
rdrd r
dA r dA dz dV V
r
r
R R
z
r z
G
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Solution:

d


d

d
d
x
y
z
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u | d sin
| d
u | d sin
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s Coordinate Polar Spherical
u | |
u | |
d d d
d d d dV
sin
) sin )( )( (
2
=
=
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below d illustrate as G region the of solid The
. 3 sphere the inside and

3
1
cone the above lies that solid the of volume the Find
=
=

t |
Example 14
| |
t u
u u |
u | | u | |

u | |
t
t
t
t
t t
t
t
t t
t
9
2
9
) 1 cos ( 9 cos 9
sin 9 sin
3
sin
is volume required the Thus
2
0
2
0
3
2
0
0
2
0 0
2
0 0
3
0
3
2
0 0
3
0
2
3
3 3
3
= =
+ = =
=
(

=
= =
}
} }
} } } }
} } } }}}
d
d d
d d d d
d d d dV V
G
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Solution:
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In order to succeed, your desire for success
should be greater than your fear of failure.
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