LINUX SYSTEM

INSTALLATION
AND
CONFIGURATION

PCMT, KOLKATA.
By
ANUP PRAKASH
ROLL: 071560510016
Installation of Linux
 Where do we start


 Is Our Hardware Compatible?

 http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/
 Do We Have Enough Disk Space?
 We have to decide, remove any virus
if required, use fips
 Can We Install Using the CD-ROM?
 OurBIOS may need to be changed to
boot from our CD-ROM
 Alternative Boot Methods
 Boot Diskette
 Driver Diskettes
 Network Device Drivers Diskette

 The auspicious occasion
 The Graphical
Installation
Program User
Interface (text
mode is also
available)
 Choose the
language,
keyboard
and mouse






 Choose upgrade
or new
installation
 Better to
 Installation of Linux…
 Choose personal desktop
installation
For the first, but next time you bet on

Custom

 After all Linux is knowing

more

Choose partition using disk druid

Otherwise fdisk, in older
 Installation of Linux…
 Configure the partition:
 Set the mount
point
 Set the SWAP size
 Set the /boot space
 Enable Ext3
formatting



 Installation of Linux…
Choose the boot loader Grub
or Lilo

Configure the “Network

Configuration”
DHCP, Firewall, IP address etc..
 Installation of Linux…
Choose the “Root password”

Accept the default package

selection or customize using the
“Customize option”
Installation of Linux…
Post Installation
Create a boot diskette


Configure your video card,

monitor and screen resolution

Reboot and start your Linux….!

Mount Screen
User ID
Password
First screen
 System Configuration
 Kickstart Configurator
 Kickstart Configurator allows you to
create a kickstart file using a graphical
user interface, so that you do not have
to remember the correct syntax of the
file.
 To use Kickstart Configurator, you must
be running the X Window System. To
start Kickstart Configurator, select
the Main Menu Button (on the Panel)
=> System Tools => Kickstart, or
type the command /usr/sbin/redhat-
config-kickstart.
 As you are creating a kickstart file, you
can select File => Preview at any time
to review your current selections.
 System Configuration…
Ne t wo rk c o n fig u ra t io n
Networking can always
be configured after
installation with the
Network Administration
Tool (redhat-config-
network).

For each Ethernet card on

the system, click Add
Network Device and
select the network device
and network type of the
device. Select eth0 as the
network device for the first
Ethernet card, select eth1
for the second Ethernet
card, and so on.
 Printer Configuration
nMenu=> Printing=> New Printer => choose the printer and
printing tool (e.g. Post script printer)
nTesting printer
Just do lpq to see printer status
nLpr <filename>
Should print the file
 Printer Configuration
Useful Websites
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/p/printer.html General
denitions of printers and descriptions of printer types.
http://www.linuxprinting.org A database of documents about
printing, along with a database of
nearly 1000 printers compatible with Linux printing
facilities.
http://www.cups.org/ Documentation, FAQs, and
newsgroups about CUPS.
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Printing-HOWTO/index.html
The Linux Printing-HOWTO from the Linux
Documentation Project.
 User Security
Authentication
In the Authentication section, select
whether to use shadow passwords and MD5
encryption for user passwords.

The Authentication Configuration options

allow you to configure the following methods of
authentication:
NIS, LDAP, Kerberos 5, Hesiod, SMB, Name
Switch Cache

These methods are not enabled by default. To

enable one or more of these methods,
click the appropriate tab, click the checkbox next
to Enable, and enter the
appropriate information for the authentication
method.
 Network Security
Firewalls

Choose between
High,
Medium, and
Disabled
security levels.
 Network Security
Common Access control system
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts.allow
/etc/hosts.deny
/etc/hosts.equiv
For more info refer docs on iptable, firewall
 Sharing With Windows
SMB protocol to share files and printers across a
network connection. Operating systems that
support this protocol include Microsoft Windows
(through its Network Neighborhood), OS/2, and
Linux.
SMB implementation in Linux is called samba
There are two things one can do
Share your files/printer with other windows
machine
Access windows shared printer/files on linux
Allow Windows to share
You need to start samba server and nmb server
/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb start
What ever you want to share is added in
/etc/samba/smb.conf
Every change in conf file require restarting of
server
Justbrowse OR find computer from windows to
see these files/folders
You can share folders, CD, printer
To access windows share
Smbclient is a samba client
Smbclient –L myhost to see all share
Smbclient \\\\myhost\\myshare
This will login to share and you can access the share
\\\\myhost\\printer can be written to print files
Smbmount can be used to mount (map) folders on
to local host
Smbumount to unmount
There are tools (GUI) for both sharing and
accessing files
User managment
 User Management

nSimple way to add user is adduser command

nPasswd will allow to change the passwd
nOfcourse there are host of GUI tools for all these
user management
nGroup all common user to single group
nBe carefull while editing /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow passwd file may also
exist
n
 User Management

nCommon files to look at

/etc/passwd
/etc/group
/etc/shadow
/etc/samba/smbusers
n
 Web server on Linux
nApache server is mostly available on Linux
Rpm –q –all | grep apache to check
nThis can be started via init services
/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd start
nConfiguration files are at /etc/httpd/conf/
nNormally log files at /var/log/httpd
 User home pages
nWill allow user to have home pages
http://myhost.com/~user1
nNeed to edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Enable UserDir public_html
Any user can have their page at public_html
nEg. /home/user1/public_html for user1
n/home/user2/public_html for user2
 System maintenance
Using package manager
Package Management Tool
Because people use their
computers differently, users
might want to install or remove
packages after installation. The
Package Management Tool
allows users to perform these
actions.
RPM is good package
management tool in RedHat
Linux

System maintenance
(redhat)
The X Window
System is required
to run the Package
Management
Tool.
To start the
application, go to
the Main Menu
Button (on the
Panel) => System
Settings =>
Add/Remove
Applications,
Type the command
redhat-config-
packages at shell
prompt.
Command line tool
rpm


Lost Root Passwd
 Lost Root Passwd
 If you have Lilo installed,
type
 LILI: linux init 1
 Change the root
passwd, reboot aga
 If you have installed
grub
 Type ‘e’ to go to edit
mode, add init 1
argument at the
end
 Boot with knoppix or
single floppy linux
 Mount the disk and
change root passwd
 Reboot !!
 Network Booting
Noneed for harddisk(or harddisk with Linux) on every
host
High level work flow
The system boots up, may be with floppy (could be
with hard disk also)
Sends dhcp request for IP number, gets one
Mounts the root file system over NFS
 Requirements for Network
Booting

Setup an LAN infrastructure

Need to setup nfs server

Need to setup dhcp server

Build a kernel image for network booting

 Setup an LAN
infrastructure
Ethernet Hub Ethernet
Cable Cable

Your m/c to be booted NFS server

Your host, NFS server and DHCP server should be on

same LAN
 Setup nfs server
•Edit /etc/exports file before starting the nfs server.
•/ 10.114.7.115(rw,no_root_squash)
•This will export all files with root r/w to host
10.114.7.115
•Save your exports file and from the prompt execute
exportfs command
•Start the nfs server (nfs daemon)
•E.g. /etc/rc.d/inid.d/nfs start
 Setup dhcp server

Add in your /etc/dhcpd.conf before starting the dhcp server.
Set the correct MAC address in /etc/dhcpd.conf as follows:

subnet <subnet address e.g.10.3.31.0> netmask 255.255.255.0 {

}
subnet 10.10.10.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
host master {
hardware Ethernet <Mac address of your Ethernet card>;
fixed-address <IP address of your machine e.g.10.10.10.1>;
option root-path <your root path>”;
}
}
Save your /etc/dhcpd.conf file
start the dhcpd dameon by “/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd start”command

 Build a kernel image for
network booting

Linux Kernel compilation steps:
Assumptions: machine x86 (i386); boot loader lilo.
Get plain vanilla kernel from www.kernel.org
Explode it into a directory (better if can do it in /usr/src/) => tar -zxvf
linux-2.x.xx.tar.gz
Optional: create a symbolic link ln -s linux-2.x.xx linux
cd to linux directory
cd /usr/src/linux or cd /usr/src/linux-2.x.xx
Select the components support by make menuconfig or make xconfig -
save the configuration
Select IP:BOOTP support from Networking options
In File system -> Network File System -> Select
NFS File system support and
Root file system on NFS
Do
Make dep bzImage
Make modules modules_install
 Build a kernel image for
network booting…

Copy the
/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage
to /boot
Do mkbootdisk with new kernel as
argument
Optional take a coffee or tea break ?

 Putting all together..

Make sure you are running dhcp

server
Make sure you are running nfs server
On any PC that need Linux for
temporary time
Boot with new floopy you just made
That’s it !!!