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FACTORY & MACHINERIES ACT 1986

( UNDER BOWEC REGULATIONS )
Section 72, Constructions :
72.(1-2) Every scaffold and every part there for shall be :
Good construction, sound materials and adequate strength for which it is used
Sufficient materials shall be provided for and shall be used in the construction of
scaffold
(3-5) Timber used for construction
Kruing wood or wood of equal or higher strength
Rough sawn, sound, straight-grained, free from dry-out, or other defect imparing its
strength or durability
Have bark completely stripped off, not painted or treated so that defected cannot
be easily seen.
(6) Timber used for construction
Suitable quality, good condition and free from corrosion
(7) Timber used for construction
Capable supporting load
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Section 73, Maintenance :
73.(1) Every scaffold shall be :
Properly maintained
Every part thereof shall be kept so fixed
Secured or place in position to prevent accidental displacement
(2) No scaffold shall be partly dismantled and allowed remain in such condition that it is
capable of being use unless either :
Scaffold continues to comply with these regulations or
A prominent warning notice in the national language indication that the scaffold or
part thereof is not to be used, is affixed near any point at which the scaffold or part, s
the case may be, is liable to be approached for the purpose of use.

Section 74,Supervision of work and inspection of materials :
74.(1) No scaffold shall be erected or be substantially altered or dismantle expect under the
direct supervision of a designated person

(2) All materials to be used for the construction of scaffold shall be inspected by a
designated person on each occasion before being used.
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Section 75, Design and drawing of scafold to be approved :
75.(1) Every metal tube scaffold > 40m height and every other scaffold exceeding > 15m in
height shall be :
Constructed accordance with the design and drawing of Professional Engineer
Other metal tube scaffold shall have their designs and drawing approved by the
Chief Inspector ( Ketua Pengarah DOSH )
(2) A copy of the design and drawings of the structure shall be :
Submitted to the Chief Inspector for his record prior to the erection of the
structure.
(3) A copy of the design drawings certified by Professional Engineer shall be :
Made available at worksite for inspection by an Inspector
Section 76, Standards, uprights, ledgers and putlogs :
76.(1) Standard or uprights of scaffold shall be :
Where practicable vertical or slightly inclined towards the building ; and
Fixed sufficiently closed together to secure the stability of the scaffold having
regard to all the circumstances.
(2) Displacement of the foot of any standard or uprights shall, unless prevented in some
other sufficient way, be prevented either :
By sinking the standard or upright to a sufficient depth in the ground or
By placing the standard or uprights on an adequate base plate in a manner to
prevent slipping.
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76.(3) Ledger shall be :
Neatly as possible horizontal
Securely fastened to the uprights or
Other means of support or suspension by bolts, dogs, ropes or other efficient means.
(4) Where two ledgers are connected together the connection shall be :
Secure
In the case of timber ledger not connected together at an upright or point of
suspension, both ledgers shall be connected to a separate slicing ledger of
adequate strength spanning between and properly secured to the uprights or
points or suspension on opposite sides of the connection of the ledgers.
(5) Putlogs shall be :
Straight or approximately straight
Securely fastened to the ledgers or upright, except in case of timber putlog
Putlogs which have one end supported by a wall shall have at the end a flat
supporting surface of sufficient area.
Nails shall not be used for fastening putlogs
(6) The distance between two consecutive putlogs or other supports on which a platform
rest shall be :
Single planks shall not exceed 1 m with planks 32mm thick or
1.5m with planks 38mm in thickness or
2.6 m with planks 50 mm in thickness
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Section 77, Support and stability of scaffold
77.(1) Every scaffold shall be :
Securely supported or suspended where necessary sufficient and properly structed
or brace to ensure stability
If scaffold not properly designed and constructed as independent scaffold, it shall
rigidly connected with the building
(2) All structure and appliances used as support for scaffold, working platforms, gangways or
runs shall be :
Sound construction
Have a firm footing or firmly supported
Sufficiently and properly structed or brace to ensure stability

(3) Any mobile scaffold or which can be moved on wheel or skids shall unless it is a
suspended or slung scaffold shall be :
Constructed with due regard to stability, and if necessary for stability adequately
weight at the base
Used only on a firm and even surface, not sloping as to involve risk of stability of
scaffold or any load thereon :
Adequately securely to prevent movement when any person is working upon it
Moved only by the application of force at or near the base
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Section 78, Gears for suspension of scaffolds
78.(1) Chains, ropes (FSWR) and lifting gear used for suspension of scaffold shall be :
Of sound materials
Adequate strength and suitable quality and in good condition
(2) No rope other than a wire rope shall be used for the suspension of a scaffold but the
requirement shall :
Not apply in the case of a suspended scaffold which is raised or lowered
otherwise than ny means of winches or
In the case of those equipment being used for the purpose of suspended scaffold
in accordance with requlation 83 ( cth tali upselling )

(3) Chain, ropes and metal tube used for suspension of a scaffold other than suspended
scaffold shall be :
Properly and securely fastened to safe anchorage points and to the scaffold
ledgers or other main supporting members
They shall be position as to ensure stability of the scaffold, be approximately
vertical and be kept taut.
Every scaffold suspended by means of ropes or chains shall be secured to
prevent undue horizontal movement while it is used as working platform.
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Section 79, Cantilevered, jib, figure and bracket scaffold etc
79.(1) No cantilevered or jib scaffold shall be :
Used unless it is adequately supported, fixed and anchourage on the opposite side
of the support
Has outriggers of adequate length and cross-section
Sufficiently and properly strutted or brace to ensure rigidity and stability
(2) No working platform resting on bearers let into a wall at one end and without other support
shall be :
Used unless the bearers are of adequate strength pass through the wall and are
securely fastened on the other side.
(3) No figure or bracket scaffold supported or held by dogs, spikes, or similliar fixings which
are liable to pull out of the stonework or brickwork in which they are fixed shall be
used

Section 80, Scaffold supported by buildings
80.(1) No part of a building shall be :
Used as support for part of scaffold unless it is of sound materials, sufficient
stability and sufficient strength to afford safe support.
Over-hanging eaves gutters not shall be used as supports unless they have been
specially desinged as walkways and are of adequate strength. ( Bahagian
bangunan yang digunakan sebagai gutters tidak boleh digunakan sebagai
penyokong )
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Section 81, Suspended scaffold raised or lowered
81.(1) Suspended scaffold raised or lowered by means of winches shall not be used unless :
a) Outriggers are :
Of adequate length and strength and properly installed and supported
Installed horizontally
Properly spaced in relation to the putlogs or deck irons
Secured fixed to the building by anchor bolts or equivalent means where fixing is
not reasonable practicable, adequately and securely anchored at the inner ends
Provided with adequate stops at their outer ends.
b) The points of suspension are at adequate horizontal distance from the building face
c) The suspension rope are :
Of good construction, and sound material, adequate strength and free from
patent defect
Securely attached to the outriggers or others supports and to the winch drum
and
Of such length that at the lowest position of the platform there are at least two
turns of rope on each winch drum; and
d) The platform is :
Not less than 635 mm wide, and
So arranged or secured that at each working position, the edge of the platform is
as close to the building face, where employees sit at the edge of platform not
more than 460 mm from such face.
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Section 82, Other suspended scaffold
82.(1) Suspended scaffold raised or lowered by means of winches shall not be used unless :
a) Outriggers are :
Of adequate length and strength and properly installed and supported
Firmly anchored at the inner ends, and
Securely fastened to any ballast or counterweight ;
b) The points of suspension are at adequate horizontal distance from the building face
c) The platform is :
Not less than 430 mm wide
Suspended by ropes or chains which are spaced not more than 3.2 m apart, are
maintained in tension and are properly and securely fastened ; and
Suspended so as to prevent tipping or tilting of the platform
d) The suspension ropes or chains are of good construction, sound materials, adequate
strength and free from patent defect, and
e) There are devices provided and used where necessary to keep the platform at a
sufficient distance from the wall when persons have to work in a sitting position
Provided that sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (c) of this regulation shall not apply
in the case of a scaffold which is securely suspended from fixed anchorages and
has a platform more than 635 mm wide supported on metal bearers properly and
securely connected to raising and lowering tackle ( being wire rope or chain
tackle which is capable to sustain the load ).
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Section 83, Skip, bucket, basket, boat swing chair, etc. shall not be used as suspended scaffold

83.(1) A skip, bucket, basket, boat swing chair or similar equipment shall not be used for purpose
of a suspended scaffold except in a special circumstances where work is so such short
duration as to make the used of a suspended scaffold unreasonable or where the used of
a suspended scaffold is not reasonable practicable and shall only be used under
supervision of a designated person.
(2) Such equipment shall not be used for purpose of a suspended scaffold unless
The equipment including the suspension rope or chains and their means of support
are of good construction, sound materials, adequate strength and free from patent
defect and the rope or chain are securely attached ; and
Suitable measures are taken to prevent spinning or tipping and to prevent any
occupant from falling there from.
(3) No skip, bucket or basket shall be used for the purposes of a suspended scaffold
unless it is :
At least 760 mm deep; and
Either constructed wholly or suitable metal or carried by two strong hands of
suitable metal which are properly fastened and continued round the sides and
bottom.
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Section 84, Trestle scaffold
84.(1) No trestle scaffold shall be used :
If constructed with more than three tiers ; or
If it has working platform more than 4.5 m above the ground or floor or other
surfaces upon which the scaffold is erected.

(2) The provision of sub regulation (1) shall not apply to trestle constructed in accordance
with design and drawing of a Professional Engineer.

(3) No trestle scaffold shall be erected on a scaffold platform unless :
At least 760 mm deep; and
Either constructed wholly or suitable metal or carried by two strong hands of
suitable metal which are properly fastened and continued round the sides and
bottom.

Section 85, Inspection of scaffolds
85.(1) Subject to the provision of these regulation , not scaffold shall be used unless ;
It has been inspected by a designated person within 7 days ; and
It has been inspected by a designated person since its expose to weather
conditions is likely affected its strength or stability or displacement any part;
The result of such inspection are entered by designated person into a register
which is to be kept at worksite for inspection by an inspector
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Section 86, Working platform
86. Every working platform from which a person is liable to fall more than 3 m shall be :
Either closed boarded, planked and plated, or a platform consisting of open metal
work having interstices none of which exceeds 3,870 m2 in area.
At least 635 mm wide if the platform is used as footing only and not for deposit of
any materials;
At least 860 mm wide if the platform is used for deposit of materials; and
At least 1100 mm wide if the platform is used for the support of any higher platform.
Section 87, Boards and planks in working platforms
87.(1) Every board or plank forming part of a working platform, used as a toe board shall be:
Of a thickness capable of affording adequate security having regard to the
distance between the putlogs or standard ; and
Not less than 200 mm wide or in the case of boards or planks exceeding 50 mm
thickness not less than 150 mm wide
(2) No board or plank which form parts of a working platform shall project beyond its
end support to a distance exceeding 4 times the thickness of the board or plank
unless it is effectively secured to prevent tipping or to a distance which, having
regard to the thickness and strength of the plank, renders the projecting part of
the plank and unsafe support for any weight liable to be upon it.
(3) Suitable measures such as provision of adequate beveled pieces (cth ramp) shall be
taken to reduce to a minimum the risk of tipping and to facilitate the movement
of barrows where boards or planks which form part of working platform overlap
each other or are not of reasonable uniform thickness where they meet each
other or do not provide an even surface.
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(4) Every board or planks which forms part of a working platform shall :
Rest securely and evenly on its supports ; and
Rest on at least 3 supports, unless taking into account the distance between the
supports and the thickness of the board or plank, the conditions are such as to
prevent undue sagging more supports are required.
(5) Where work has to be done at the end of a wall, the working platform at such wall shall,
wherever practicable, extended at least 610 mm beyond the end of the wall.

Section 88, Guardrails and toe boards at working place
88.(1) Subject to sub regulation (3), (4) and (5) every side of a working platform or working
place, being a side thereof from which a person is liable to fall a distance or more
than
3 m , shall be provided with suitable guardrail to a height at least 1m above the
platform and with toe board to a sufficient height not less than 200 mm placed to
prevent persons, materials and tools from falling.
(2) Guardrails and toe boards used on a working platform shall be placed on the inside of
the inside of the uprights, and the space between any toe board and lowest guardrail
above it shall be not exceeding 690 mm.
(3) Guardrails and toe board required by sub regulation (1) and (2) may be removed or
remain unerected for the time and to the extend necessary for the access of persons
or the movement of materials.
(4) On the side of a suspended facing the wall ;
a) guardrails where required by this regulation need not extend to a height or more
than 690 mm above the platform if the work is impracticable with a guardrail at a
greater height.
b) guardrail and toe board shall not be required if the workers sit at the end of the
platform to work and ropes or chain affording all the employees safe and secure
handhold are provided.
(5) The requirements of sub regulations (1) and (2) regarding toe boards shall not apply
to the platform of a trestle scaffold or where the provision of a toe board is
impracticable on the nature of special circumstances of the work.
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Section 89, Working platform at building face

89. Where work at the face of a building is done from a working platform, the space
between the face of the building and the working platform shall be as small as
practicable and where employees sit at the edge of the platform to work, the space
shall not exceed 460 mm.

Section 90, Platforms to be unobstructed and to afford safe foothold

90. (1) Every platform shall be kept free from any unnecessary obstruction materials or
rubbish and from any projecting nails.
(2) If a platform becomes slippery, appropriate steps shall as soon as reasonably,
practicable, be taken to remedy the defects.

Section 91, Tube scaffold

91 . The scaffold members shall be of steel tubing complying with BS 1139

Section 92, Scaffold locking device

92. All vertical and horizontal members of a tube scaffold shall be fastened together
with
a coupler or approved locking device, forming a positive connection. The locking
device shall be of a type having no loose parts.

Section 93, Locking device material

93. The locking device or coupler shall be of drop forged steel
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Section 94, Construction of tubular scaffold

94. In the construction of tubular scaffold, members of following dimensions shall be
used:
a) Light type tabular scaffold all posts, runners & bearers shall be 50mm outside
diameter tubing, with posts space not move than 1.5m apart by 3m
along the length of the scaffold and all bracing shall be of 50mm
outside diameter tubing.
b) Medium type scaffold all post and runners shall be 50mm outside diameter tubing
with the posts spaced 1.8m apart by 2.4m along the length of the
scaffold and all bracing shall be of 50mm outside diameter tubing;
c) Heavy tubular pole scaffold all post and runners to be 60mm outside diameter
tubing, and the bearers of 60mm outside diameter tubing with the
posts spaced 1.8m by 2.4m along the length of the scaffold and all
bracing to be 50mm outside diameter tubing.

Section 95, Size of tube scaffold

95. For tubular steel scaffolds up to 22 m height, post of 50mm outside diameter
tubing
shall be used and for heights 22m to 61m, 60mm outside diameter tubing shall be
used.

Section 96, Factor of safety

96. All tubular scaffold shall be designed to have a factor of safety not less than 4

Section 97, Bracing

97. Post shall be kept plumb during erection and kept plumb & rigid by means of
bracing
Section 98, Power to prohibit the use of unsafe scaffold
98. The inspector may prohibit the use of any scaffold or part thereof which does not
comply with the requirement of these regulations or the design of construction of
which appears to be unsafe to the inspector, by any means he deems fit.
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