Figure 8.1 The parts of the ear.

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Figure 8.2 The tympanic membrane viewed through an auriscope showing the shadows cast by the malleus and the incus.
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Figure 8.3 The auditory ossicles.
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Figure 8.4 The inner ear. The membranous labyrinth within the bony labyrinth.
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Figure 8.5 A cross-section of the cochlea showing the spiral organ (of Corti).
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Figure 8.6 Passage of sound waves: A. The ear with cochlea uncoiled. B. Summary of transmission.
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Figure 8.7 Behaviour of sound waves. A. Difference in frequency but of the same amplitude. B. Difference in amplitude but of the same frequency.
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Figure 8.8 Section of the eye.
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Figure 8.9 The choroid, ciliary body and iris. Viewed from the front.
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Figure 8.10 The lens and suspensory ligament viewed from the front. The iris has been removed.
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Figure 8.11 The retina: A. Magnified section. B. Light-sensitive nerve cells: rods and cones.
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Figure 8.12 The retina as seen through the pupil with an ophthalmoscope.
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Figure 8.13 The optic nerves and their pathways.
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Figure 8.14 Refraction: white light broken into the colours of the visible spectrum when passed through a prism.
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Figure 8.15 The electromagnetic spectrum.
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Figure 8.16 Refraction of light rays passing through a biconvex lens.
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Figure 8.17 The shape of the lens: A. Distant vision. B. Near vision.
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Figure 8.18 Section of the eye showing the focusing of light rays on the retina.
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Figure 8.19 Parts of the visual field monocular and binocular.
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Figure 8.20 The extrinsic muscles of the eye.
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Figure 8.21 Section of the eye and its accessory structures.
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Figure 8.22 The lacrimal apparatus. Arrows show the direction of the flow of tears.
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Figure 8.23 The olfactory structures.
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Figure 8.24 An enlarged section of the olfactory apparatus in the nose and on the inferior surface of the cerebrum.
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Figure 8.25 Structure of taste buds: A. A section of a papilla. B. A taste bud greatly magnified.
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Figure 8.26 Common refractive errors of the eye and corrective lenses. A. Normal eye. B and C. Farsightedness. D and E. Nearsightedness.
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