ENERGY CONSERVATION

Definition
Conservation of energy refers to efforts made to reduce energy
consumption and to increase efficiency of energy use.


Industrialised countries need large amounts of energy
Most of this energy comes form fossil fuels which are
burnt in power stations, factories, homes and vehicles
These fossil fuels formed millions of years ago, and
are non-renewable
Once the fossil fuels have been used up there will be
no more to replace them
Energy Conservation: is any behavior that results in the use of less energy. Turning the
lights off when you leave the room and recycling aluminum cans are both ways of
conserving energy.
In simple word reduction in energy consumption without making any sacrifice of quality
and quantity

Energy Efficiency: is the use of technology that requires less energy to perform the same
function. A compact fluorescent light bulb that uses less energy than an incandescent
bulb to produce the same amount of light is an example of energy efficiency. However,
the decision to replace an incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent is an act of
energy conservation.

Principles: The two principles governing energy conservation polices are maximum
thermal efficiency and maximum cost effectiveness.

Maximum work = (energy input)-(energy loss in transmission)-(energy discharge)
Why energy efficiency?
cheapest energy is that which is not necessary to produce
EE is in the center of economy and political attention
EE decreases dependence of economy on non-stabile prices of oil and gas
EE is part of healthy energy and economy policy of state
It supports local economy and its growth based on innovations
It increase lifetime of objects and technology equipment
Decreases operational costs, environmental impact
Saves money and time

WHAT IS AN ENERGY AUDIT (EA)?
Energy Audit is the translation of conservation ideas into realities, by lending
technically feasible solutions with economic and other organizational considerations
within a specified time frame.
pool of activities (systematic procedure) focused on analysis of current energy need
and consumption going out of valid technical standards,
analysis of problems (weaknesses and deficiencies),
EA identifies and in detail quantifies effective possibilities of energy savings tailored
to the object being analyzed,
field-work, economy tool having dynamic character, often basis for grant financing
of projects.




WHAT IS THE AIM OF EA?
to minimize costs for energy
to minimize operational costs
to minimize costs for repairs and reconstruction
increase quality of environment that contributes to increased work productivity




TYPES OF ENERGY AUDIT
Preliminary audit : carried out in limited time, its highlights the energy cost
and wastage in major equipment and processes.
Detail audit : It includes engineering recomandation.it accounts for total
energy utilization of plant. Three phase: pre audit, Audit and Post Audit.
Action plan fro batter utilization are i) short term (energy wastages will
minimize) ii) medium term (modification in existing equipment) and iii) long
term (latest energy saving techniques and innovations)



ENERGY AUDIT - PRACTICE
1. Identification of subject of EA
2. Data collection, analysis and evaluation of current status
3. Proposal of EE measures
4. Economy and environmental evaluation of measures
5. Proposal of at least two variants for implementation of measures and
recommendation of optimal variant
6. Drafting of written report from EA

MAIN TOPICS/AREAS OF EA
Subject of energy consumption analysis are energy resources consumed in the industrial
area, i.e.:

Electricity
Natural gas
Steam
Coal
Wood, wood chips/pellets
Fuels (petrol, oil, propane-butane).....

thermal-technical protection of buildings,
heating systems
hot water preparation,
ventilation systems and air-conditioning (buildings and technology)
electric appliances (administrative and technological incl. electrical connection,
transformation, distribution network, el. switchboards, el. compensation)
gas or other energy resources consuming appliances (furnaces, cleaning devices,..)
Indoor/outdoor lighting,
measurement and regulation.
COGENERATION
- TOPPING CYCLE
- BOTTOMING CYCLE
TYPES OF COGENERATION
- Steam power plant
- Gas turbines and diesel engine
- Space heating and cooling
- Warm water in agriculture