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Salmonella

Filename: Salmonella.ppt

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Salmonella
Nomenclature
Incidence
Clinical syndromes
gastroenteritis
typhoid fever


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Salmonella
2,000 serotypes
Subgroup 1
S. cholerae-suis
S. typhi
S. enteritidis
subgroups 2-5
cold-blooded animals
environment

Human Pathogens
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi

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S. cholerae-suis: Transmission
Humans to animals
Animals to humans
Humans and animals to animal feeds
Large Inoculum: 10
6

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Incidence in Ontario

1994 1992 1991
typhoid 6 6
paratyphoid 85 152
salmonellosis 1003 639 581
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Salmonella: Clinical Syndromes
Gastroenteritis
Bacteremia: followed by gastroenteritis
Enteric fever
Asymptomatic colonization

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Salmonella: Gastroenteritis
incubation 6-48 hrs.
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever,
abdominal cramps, myalgia, headache
2 days - 1 week: usually spontaneous
resolution

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Mechanism of Pathogenicity
Gastroenteritis
ingestion
absorbed to brush border of epithelial cells
of small intestine and colon
migrate to lamina propria, ileocaecal
multiply in lymphoid follicles
reticulendothelial hyperplasia and
hypertrophy
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Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia : abnormal increases in the
number of normal cells (organ swells)
Hypertrophy : increase in size of an organ
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Salmonella:Bacteremia
Usually caused by
S. cholerae-suis
S. typhi
S.paratyphi
S. dublin



Complications
osteomyelitis (10%)
arthritis
endocarditis
Gram negative bacteremia is non-suppurative
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Enteric Fever: S. typhi
ileocaecal penetration
intraluminal multiplication
mononuclear response (macrophages)
Salmonella remains alive
2nd week - lymphoid hyperplasia
(mesenteric lymph nodes)
back to bowel
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S. typhi
found in stool - enteric media and selenite
enrichment
high antibodies
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Mechanism of
Fluid Secretion Stimulation
Arachidonic acid with the enzyme
cyclooxygenase stimulates the production
of prostaglandin which then causes an
increase in cAMP (cyclic adenosine
monophosphate) and stimulates fluid
secretion.
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Reduction of Fluid Secretion
Anti-inflammatory drugs
aspirin - non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory
inhibits cyclo-oxygenase which is necessary to
produce prostaglandins
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The End