4 - OMO133030 BSC6900 GSM V9R13 Power Control Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE 1.01

GSM Power Control
Algorithm and
Parameters
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Power Control Overview
2. HW Power Control Algorithm
4. Other Algorithms
Page1
Power Control Overview
Power control
Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed.
Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS
Purpose
Save the power of BTS and MS
Reduce the interference of the network
Increase the quality of the network
Page2
Up link and Down link power control can be enabled independently
Page3
Process of UL power control commands
It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from

command sending to getting the feedback.
BTS sends the command for power

control and TA in SACCH header.
SA0
SA1 SA2 SA3
SACCCH report period:

26X4=104 frames (480ms)
SA0 SA1
SA2 SA3 SA0
MS adopts the new

power level and TA
In the 26 multi-frames,
frame 12 sends
SACCH.
MS obtains SACCH
block
BTS receives the

measurement report
SA1 SA2 SA3

MS begins to send the
measurement report of the
last multi-frame.
MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

to report the new TA and power control
message.
Page4
Data Configuration of Power Control Period
Page5
Power control judgment
Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement

report pre-processing item which can be selected in handover
control data table
MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This

switch decide where power control be processed. If
measurement report pre-processing is BSC_Preprocessing,
power control is processed in BSC, and when setting it
BTS_Preprocessing, power control is processed in BTS
Page6
Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing
Page7
Data Configuration of Power Control

Switch
Page8
Contents
4. Other Algorithms
Page10
HW II Power Control
Power control judgment process

MR. preprocessing
The power control

demand according to
receiving level
The power control

demand according to
receiving quality
General power control

judgment
Send the power control
command
Page11
HW II Power Control
Original data of power control -- Measurement Report(MR)
or Enhanced Measurement Report(EMR)

Uplink MR
BTS
Network
Downlink MR
Page12
HW II Power Control
Measurement report
Uplink
measurement
report
Downlink
measurement
report
Page13
HW II Power Control
MR. preprocessing in HW II PC algorithm consists of

four steps
Interpolation
Compensation (optional)
Prediction (optional)
Filter
Page14
HW II Power Control
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report
BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to

recover the lost measurement reports. If the lost MR amount is
within the allowed range (Allowed MR Number Lost), then
recovers the lost MR according to the specific algorithm.
Service cell: linear algorithm
Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM specification (110dBm)
Page15
HW II Power Control
MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report
MR
MR
MR
No. n+4
MR
MR
No. n
Missing by
some reasons
Page16
Data Configuration of MR
Preprocessing
Page17
HW II Power Control
MR. compensation
Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement

report before filter.
Implementation steps:
1. Put the current receiving measurement report into the measurement report
compensation queue.
2. Record the changed information of the transmitting power according to the
MS and BTS power levels in the measurement report.
3. After finish the measurement report interpolation, system will compensate
the receiving level of the history measurement report according to the power
change information. The compensated measurement reports will be the
original data in the filter process.
4. Filter the compensated measurement reports.
Page18
Data Configuration of MR.

Compensation
Page19
HW II Power Control
MR. prediction
Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is

dangerous in case of poor level or bad quality
Implementation procedure
1. Analyze the tendency of MR by the historical measurement
reports after interpolation.

2. Guide by the tendency, to predict the values of measurement
report to be received. There are 0~3 measurement reports
prediction, which are configured on LMT.
3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted measurement

reports, and implement power control judgment.
Page20
Data Configuration of MR. Prediction
Page21
HW II Power Control
MR. filter Smooth the instantaneous fading point
Calculate the average value within the filter window
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
MR
Filter----Average several
consecutive MRs
Page23
Data Configuration of MR. filter
Page24
HW II Power Control Judgment
Power control demand based on receiving level.
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control

module makes a comparison between the expected signal
level and the current receiving signal level.
Calculate the transmitting power level step size to be adjusted,

making the receiving level value closer to the expected value.
Adopt variable step size when decreasing the transmitting

power according to the receiving level, so as to achieve the
expected level as soon as possible.
Page26
Power control demand based on receiving quality
After measurement report pre-processing, the power control

module makes comparison between the expected quality level
and the current receiving quality level.
Calculate the step size of the transmitting power level to be
adjusted: increase the transmitting power in case of poor
receiving quality, and decrease the transmitting power in case
of good receiving quality.
Adopt fixed step size when adjust the transmitting power
according to the receiving quality.
Page27
General power control judgment
Power control by receiving

level
Power control by receiving

quality
Power control by signal level and

quality
AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Qul
max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Qul
No action
AdjStep_Lev
No action
AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Qul
AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Qul
AdjStep_Lev
No action
AdjStep_Lev
No action
AdjStep_Qul
AdjStep_A
No action
AdjStep_Qul
AdjStep_B
No action
No action
No action
max(AdjStep_Lev,AdjStep_Qul)
Page28
HW II Power Control Feature
Adaptive power control:
Adaptive power control refers to changeable power control

strategy according to the communication environment, it makes
power control more effective and stable.
Automatically change the adjustable maximum step size of power

control according to different communication environment
(different receiving quality).
Adopt different power control strategies according to different

communication environments (different receiving quality and level).
Max. step is different between increase and decrease.
Page30
HW II Power Control Feature
Power control within the upper/lower thresholds
Power control will not execute if the signal level and quality
is within the threshold bands.
Avoid the signal level fluctuation caused by power control.
The upper threshold can be increased dynamically in case of

bad quality.
Page31
Data Configuration for UL Rx_Lev

Upper/Lower Threshold
Page32
Data Configuration of Power Control

(Rx_Lev)
Page35
HW II Power Control Advantages
Measurement report compensation to makes power control

judgment more accurate
Measurement report prediction --to avoid power control later

than needed, the delay is dangerous in case of poor level or
bad quality
Power control expected signal level and quality threshold

falls within a band, this avoids receiving signal level
fluctuate up and down frequently
Page38
Exercise
Exercises for HW II power control
Given conditions:
The uplink receiving level is -55dBm, the quality is level 0. Power control algorithm is
HW II.
Data configuration is as follows: Uplink signal level upper threshold: -60dBm, uplink
signal level lower threshold: - 80dBm. Uplink signal upper quality threshold: level 1.
Uplink signal lower quality threshold: level 2. The downward adjustable step size of
quality band 0 is 16dB, of quality band 1 is 8dB, and of quality 2 is 4 dB. The upward
adjustable step size of receiving level is 16dB. The upward or downward adjustable
step size for power control by quality are both 4dB.
Question: What will be the uplink stable receiving level after power control?
Page39
Exercise
Answer.
First, transmitting power to be reduced according to receiving level =

actual receiving level -(uplink signal level upper threshold + uplink signal
level lower threshold)/2 -55- (-60 + (-80))/2(-55)-(-70)15dB. As the
receiving quality is level 0, downward adjustable step size of quality band 0
can be used -- decrease 16dB.
Second, the transmitting power to be decreased according to receiving
quality = as power control adjustment step size by quality is 4dB, thus
decrease 4dB.
Therefore, according to the general judgement on power control, 15dB
should be decreased.
Page40
Exercise
Answer .
After the implementation of step 1 power control, the receiving

level becomes: -55dBm-15dB= -70dBm, Suppose the quality reach
already in level 1 here.
First: the receiving level value is between -80dBm~-60dBm,

neednt adjust.
Second: the receiving quality value is between 0 and 2, neednt

adjust.
Therefore, the uplink stable receiving level =-70dBm.
Page41
Content

4. Other Algorithms
Page42
Contents
3. HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.1 HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.2 HW III Power Control Optimization Algorithm
Page43
HW III Power Control Flow

Begin
RXLEV and RXQUAL
are both within the
expected window?
YES
Is active PC allow?
Calculate the PC step
The number of
MRs[SdMrCutNum/
TchMrCutNum]?
NO
YES
YES
The new transmit

power is higher than
the current one?
New transmit powercurrent one>[MAXUpStep]
NO
YES
New transmit
power=current
one+[MAXUpStep]
YES
Interpolated MRs
MR.
Preproces
-sing
End
NO
NO
Is PC allowed?
YES
NO
NO
Current transmit powernew one>[MAXDownStep]?

YES
New transmit power=current
one-[MAXDownStep]
Exponential filtering
Adjust transmit power
Slide window filtering
PC interval >
[PwrCtrlAdjPeriod]
NO
End
If the active PC is allowd & MRs number

<[SdMrCutNum/TchMrCutNum] & the transmit
power will be decreased?
YES
NO
Implement PC
YES
Page44
End
Measurement Report Preprocessing
For the measurement report preprocessing, there are three
differences between HW II and HW III power control
Initial discarded MR. number
Interpolation method
Filter calculation
Page45
Initial discarded MR. number
Avoiding the access period measurement report influence power
control accuracy, system discards some initial measurement report.
HW II: discard 4 initial MR. fixedly.
HW III: set it via [SdMrCutNum/TchMrCutNum]
MR. interpolation method
Rx_lev: If Rx_lev(k) is lost, recover it as Rx_lev(k-1).
Rx_qual: If Rx_qual is lost, recover it as quality lever 7.
Page46
Data Configuration of Initial Discarded

MR. Number
Page47
MR. filter calculation
Quality filter
Quality class value will be converted to BER and set up the

correspondence relationship with CIR as below table.
Calculate the average CIR according to the selected filter method.
Quality Class
CIR (dB)
22
18
16
14
12
Page48
MR. filter calculation
filter algorithm: exponent filter and slide window filter
Exponent filter
ca_filtered1 (1)=ca(1)
k=1
ca_filtered1 (k)=a*ca(k)+(1-a)*ca_filtered1 (k-1)
k>1
~ ca: original receiving level or quality

~ ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter calculation
~ k: serial number of measurement report
~ a: exponent filter coefficient, a=1 / (2^(w/2)), and w is exponent filter length
Page49
Filter algorithm
Slide window filter
ca_filtered (1) = ca_filtered1 (1)
k=1
ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered 1(1)++ca_filtered1 (k)] / k
1<k<w
ca_filtered (k) = [ca_filtered1 (k-w+1)+...+ca_filtered1 (k)] / w

ca_filtered1: receiving level or quality after exponent filter
ca_filtered: receiving level or quality after window filter
k: serial number of measurement report
w: slide filter window
Page50
k>=w
Data Configuration of Filter (DL)
Page51
Power Control Judgment
During HW III power control judgment, system will calculate
radio channel gain.
Suppose: In SACCH period k, useful signal is c(k), interference is

I(k), radio channel gain is g(k) and transmit power for BTS or MS
is p(k). The below formulas are calculated by logarithm:
10
ca _ filtered( k )
10
Rx_lev
10
c(k )
10
10
Useful signel
I (k )
10
(1)
Interference
C/I qa_filtered(k) = c(k) I(k)
(2)
c(k) = p(k) g(k)
(3)
Page53
Radio channel gain calculation:
According to (1) and (2), we can get c(k)
c(k ) ca _ filter (k ) qa _ filter (k ) 10 lg(1 10
qa _ filtered ( k )
10
Input c(k) to (3), get g(k) = p(k) c(k). So calculate the g(k)
for BTS and MS
Page54
BTS power control step calculation:

step(k) = - ( sfactor*( BsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) - QThr) )
If step(k) >0, so step(k) =0;
sfactor[HWIII DL RexLev Adjust Factor]
qfactor[HWIII DL Rex Qual. Adjust Factor]
BsTxMaxPowerthe maximum power level of occupied carrier

SThrUp[HwIII DL Rexlev Upper Threshold]
SThrDown: [HwIII DL Rexlev Lower Threshold]
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2; the mean level of expected receiving level window.
QThrUp[HwIII DL FS/HS/AFS/AHS Rex Qual. Upper Threshold(dB)]

QThrDown: [HwIII DL FS/HS/AFS/AHS Rex Qual. Lower Threshold(dB)]
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2; the mean level of expected receiving quality window.
Page55
MS power control step calculation:

step(k) = - ( sfactor*( MsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
+ qfactor*( qa_filtered(k) - QThr) );
SThr = (SThrUp + SThrDown) / 2;
QThr = (QThrUp + QThrDown) / 2;
If step(k) >0then step(k) =0;
Page56
Data Configuration of Power Control Judgment
Page57
Adjustment protection
For avoiding too rapid adjustment, parameter [DL/UL MAX

DownStep/UpStep] is used to control the maximum power
control step.
If the difference between power control step(k) and previous

one step(k-1) is bigger than maximum power control step
configured above, just take the maximum power control step as
the difference between them, so as to limit the current power
control command step(k).
Page61
Data Configuration of Power Control Step
Page62
HW III Power Control Features
Exponent filter enhance the measurement report process speed.
In HW II PC, receive level and quality be considered independently

and then general power control judgment will be done. While in
HW III PC, the final result will be got from the general formula.
Difference quality threshold be set for the difference service, such
as AMR, FS and HS.
Page63
Question
Given condition
The current UL_Re_Level: -75dBm, UL_Re_Quality: 2, Radio channel gain(g(k)):

110dB, Max power output of MS is 2W(33dBm)
HWIII is availabledata configuration is as following:
ULRexLevHighThred30
ULRexLevLowThred20
ULFSRexQualHighThred20
ULFSRexQualLowThred16
ULRexLevAdjustFactor4 ULRexQualAdjustFactor6
ULMAXDownStep8 ULMAXUpStep8
Quality Class
CIR (dB)
22
18
16
14
12
Question What will be the power output of MS after power control
Page64
Question
Answer:
step(k) = - ( sfactor( BsTxMaxPower - g(k) - SThr)
qfactor( qa_filtered(k) - QThr) )
30 20
20 16
{{0.4 [33 110 (
110)]} 0.6 (16
)}
2
2
2dB
After power control
Power output of MS: 33-2=31dBm
Suppose the current g(k)=115dB, current quality:2(CIR=16dB)then
For level-90dBm<31-115<-80dBm
For qualityequal with the [ULFSRexQualLowThred]

So power control stops the power output of MS 33-2=31dBm
Page65
Contents
3. HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.1 HW III Power Control Algorithm
3.2 HW III Power Control Optimization Algorithm
Page66
HW III PC Optimization Algorithm
The basic process of HW III PC optimization algorithm is almost

the same as the HW III PC algorithm, including MR preprocessing,
PC step calculation, PC implementation, etc.
The improvement for HW III power control optimization algorithm:
MR power control compensation (available for RXLEV and RXQUAL)
Dual-coefficient filter algorithm can achieve fast increasing and slow

decreasing
The power control step calculation adopt dual factors to protect low
RXLEV area.
Update the formula of power control step calculation.
Page67
HW III PC Optimization Algorithm--Data

Configuration
Page68
MR Power Control Compensation
MR power control compensation means compensate the RXLEV

and RXQUAL to the values corresponding to the maximum
transmit power.
ca_comp(k) = ca(k) + PowerComp
qa_comp(k) = qa(k) + PowerComp
PowerComp indicates the decrease on the maximum transmit power

of BTS or MS
For Uplink PCPowerComp = min(MsTxPower, MsPoweMax)

PowerUsedUL(k-1)
For Downlink PCPowerComp = 2*PowerLev(k-1)
Page69
Dual-coefficient Filter
HW PC III optimization algorithm adopts exponent filter, but the calculation of

factor A is different with PC algorithm III. And it adopts dual-coefficient for
MR filtering.
ca_filtered (k) =(1-A)*ca_comp (k) + A*ca_filtered (k-1)
If ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered1 (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
qa_filtered (k) =(1-A)*qa_comp (k) + A*qa_filtered (k-1)
If qa_comp (k) < qa_filtered1 (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
A = (1.012*L-0.7505)/(L+1.848)
B: [DLRexLevExponentFilterLen], [DLRexQualExponentFilterLen],
[ULRexLevExponentFilterLen], [ULRexQualExponentFilterLen]
FiltAdjustFactor: [III UL Filter Adjust Factor], [III DL Filter Adjust Factor]
Page70
Example to Dual-coefficient Filter
If ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered (k-1) means RxLev is worse,
L=B <FiltAdjustFactor*B(Attention, FiltAdjustFactor>1), that is L decreases
For A = (1.012*L-0.7505)/(L+1.848) ,when L decreases, A decreases too, while(1-A )

increases,
That is:ca_comp (k) has higher weight than ca_filtered (k-1) , then the result
ca_filtered (k) is lower RxLev.
-60dBm
S
-75dBm
-75dBm
Expected Power
S<S fast
increasing
-78dBm
-80dBm
-78dBm
S>S slow decreasing
Expected Power
0.8(-80dBm)+0.2(-70dBm)=-78dBm(after dual-coefficient Filter)

0.5(-80dBm)+0.5(-70dBm)=-75dBm(without dual-coefficient Filter)
Page71
Example to Dual-coefficient Filter
If ca_comp (k) < ca_filtered (k-1), L=B; Otherwise L= FiltAdjustFactor*B
ca_comp (k) >=ca_filtered (k-1) means RxLev is better
L=FiltAdjustFactor*B>B (Attention, FiltAdjustFactor>1), that is L increases
For A = (1.012*L-0.7505)/(L+1.848) ,when L increases, A increases too, while(1-A )

decreases,
That is:ca_comp (k) has smaller weight than ca_filtered (k-1) , then the result
ca_filtered (k) is lower RxLev.
-60dBm
Expected Power
S
-75dBm
-78dBm
S<S fast increasing
-75dBm
-78dBm
-80dBm
S>S slow decreasing
Expected Power
0.2(-70dBm)+0.8(-80dBm)=-78dBm(after dual-coefficient Filter)

0.5(-80dBm)+0.5(-70dBm)=-75dBm(without dual-coefficient Filter)
Page72
Dual-coefficient Filtering--Data
Configuration
Page73
Power Control Step Calculation
HW PC III optimization algorithm adopts two sets of factors, and it can help the
system to avoid too low transmit power.
step1(k) = - { RexLev Protect Factor *( ca_filtered(k) - SThr) + RexQual Protect

Factor *( qa_filtered (k) - QThr)}
step2(k) = - { sfactor *( ca_filtered(k) - SThr) + qfactor *( qa_filtered (k) - QThr)}
step (k) = max(step1(k)step2(k))
If step (k) >0, then step (k) =0
Page75
Power Control Step Calculation--Data

Configuration
Page76
Content

4. Other Algorithms
Page78
Contents
4. Other Algorithms
4.1 SAIC Power Control
Page79
Introduction to SAIC
SAIC: Single Antenna Interference Cancellation
SAIC is a generic name for techniques, which attempt to

cancel or suppress interference by means of signal processing
without the use of multiple antennas. (see 3GPP 45.903)
The MSs can bear more serious radio environment after

supporting SAIC.
The SAIC capability is indicated by Classmark 3 message.
Page80
SAIC Power Control
If the MS support SAIC, the system can decrease the DL

expected receive quality level automatically.
For Normal
MS
DL Quality
Upper
Threshold
DL Quality
Lower
Threshold
For SAIC capable

MS
DL Quality
Upper
Threshold
DL Quality
Lower
Threshold
Power Control
Threshold Adjust for
SAIC
This feature is available for HW PC algorithm II, III and III

optimization.
Page81
SAIC Power Control-- Data

Configuration
Page82
Summary
In this course, we have learned:
Power control procedure
HW II power control algorithm and its data configuration
HW III power control algorithm and its data configuration
HW III power control optimization algorithm and its data configuration
Active Power Control and its data configuration
SAIC power control and its data configuration
Page84
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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4 - OMO133030 BSC6900 GSM V9R13 Power Control Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE 1.01

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GSM Power Control

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Adjust the transmitting power of BTS and MS when needed.

Based on measurement reports of BTS and MS

Save the power of BTS and MS

Reduce the interference of the network

Increase the quality of the network

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Up link and Down link power control can be enabled independently

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Process of UL power control commands

It takes 3 measurement report periods(480ms/period) from

BTS sends the command for power

SA1 SA2 SA3

SACCCH report period:

SA2 SA3 SA0

MS adopts the new

BTS receives the

SA1 SA2 SA3

MS begins to set up a new SACCH header

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of Power Control Period

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power Control Overview

Power control judgment

Power control judgment is controlled by BTS measurement

MR. Pre-process (measurement report pre-processing): This

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of Power Control

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power control judgment process

The power control

The power control

General power control

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Original data of power control -- Measurement Report(MR)

or Enhanced Measurement Report(EMR)

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR. preprocessing in HW II PC algorithm consists of

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report

BTS may fail to receive the MR from MS, and it needs to

Service cell: linear algorithm

Neighboring cell: the lowest value defined in GSM specification (110dBm)

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MR Interpolation recover the lost measurement report

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose: Ensure the accuracy of selection of the history measurement

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Data Configuration of MR.

Copyright 2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Purpose: Avoid power control later than needed, the delay is

reports after interpolation.

3. Filter the interpolated, compensated and predicted measurement