The French Revolution and

Napoleon
(1789-1815)
The End of an Era
Name:_______________
Block:____
WEX II
Chapter 2, Section 5
The End of an Era
At the end of this section, !ill "e a"le to ans!er
the follo!in# $uestions%

What events led to Napoleons downfall?

What principles guided leaders at the Congress of

Vienna?

How did the Congress of Vienna seek to impose a

new order on Europe:
&oca"ular'
gerilla !arfare, a"dicate, legitimac#
The End of an Era
(hat chan#es did Napoleon )a*e durin#
his rei#n+

Spread ideas of revolution across Europe

acked li!eral reform in con"uered lands

#nstalled revolutionar$ governments:

%!olished titles of no!ilit$

Ended Church privileges

&pened careers to men of talent

Ended serfdom and manorial dues

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(hat other "enefits did Napoleon "rin#+

rought the Napoleonic Code

&ften !rought economic !enefits

'educing trade !arriers

stimulating industr$
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,o! did his successes !or* a#ainst hi)+

%lthough Nationalism spurred (rench

armies to success)

*an$ saw Napoleons armies as oppressors

*an$ resented the Continental S$stem +

Napoleons effort to impose (rench culture

Countries fought to maintain their language & culture

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-pain stron#l' resist Napoleon

,-.-) Napoleon made his !rother /ing

He undermined the Spanish Catholic

Church with his li!eral reforms

Each time the (rench crushed Spanish

resistance) the Spanish resistance grew
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,o! do the -panish respond+

Spanish patriots engage in #uerilla !arfare

Spanish attacks keep straining the (rench

militar$ resources

Eventuall$) the ritish send an arm$ under

%rthur Wellesle$ to help the Spanish

#uerilla !arfare consists of hit0and0run raids

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Napoleon is defeated in Russia

,-,1) %le2ander # of 'ussian resigns from

the Continental S$stem

Napoleon is outraged3

4akes 5..)... soldiers into 'ussia in ,-,1

4he 'ussians kept retreating while !urning

crops + villages on their wa$

Napoleon couldnt feed or suppl$ his troops

#n &cto!er) the$ started homeward

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Napoleon retreated !ithout en#a#e)ent

4he arm$ has a ,)... mile retreat

&nl$ ,..)... soldiers survived

6 million soldiers died or deserted3

Napoleon "uickl$ returns to 7aris to raise a

new force to defend (rance

However) his reputation for success was

shattered
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,o! does the !orld respond+

4heres new alliance !etween 'ussia)

ritain) %ustria) and 7russia

4he$ attack a weakened (rance

Napoleon is defeated at the attle of the

Nations at 8eip9ig in ,-,:
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French ene)ies close in on France 181.

Napoleon a!dicated

He was e2iled to El!a

%n island in the *editerranean

4he$ recogni9ed 8ouis ;V### as /ing of

(rance

%!dicate is to step down from power

The End of an Era
/ife isn0t eas' for /ouis 1&

He accepted the Napoleonic Code

He had to honor land settlements made

during the war

4he <migr<s returned and the$ wanted

revenge

4here was an economic depression

Some people still felt to Napoleon

The End of an Era
Napoleon escapes fro) his island and
returns to France

Citi9ens in (rance cheered his return

8ouis ;V### flees

#n ,-,=) Napoleon returns to power

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The allies are not happ' a"out his return

4he$ attack Napoleons forces on >une ,-

th

,-,=

attle of Waterloo in elgium

Napoleon forces defeated in , da$ !$

ritish under ?uke of Wellington

7russia under @eneral lucher

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Napoleon a"dicated his throne a#ain

He moves to StA Helena

% lonel$ island in the South %tlantic

He never returns

Napoleon dies in ,-1,

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Wa$ Napoleon %the revolution on
horse"ac*& or a traitor to the re'oltion(

Napoleonic Code consolidated man$ changes

(rance had a consolidated government with a

central government

Held elections

*ore citi9ens could own propert$

*ore citi9ens had access to education

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,o! did Napoleon affect the !orld+

His con"uests spread enlightenment ideas

He didnt make Europe into a (rench empire

Selling the 8ouisiana purchase dou!ling the

si9e of %merica in ,-.:

?estro$ing the Hol$ 'oman Empire made it

possi!le for a new @erman$ to emerge
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(hat !as the 2on#ress of &ienna+

4his was a ,. month gathering of European

leaders hosted !$ (rancis # of %ustria

'an from Sept ,-,B C >une ,-,=

7eople dined + danced

%ttended concerts + !allets

EnDo$ed hunting parties + picnics

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(hat serious !or* too* place at the
2on#ress of &ienna+

4he chief goal was to create a lasting peace

!$ esta!lishing a !alance of power and
protecting the s$stem of monarch$

However) each mem!er also pursued his

own goals
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(ho !ere the )ain pla'ers at the
2on#ress of &ienna+

Prince Metternich of Austria

Czar Alexander I of Russia

Lord Robert Castlereagh of 3ritain

Prince Maurice Talleyrand of France

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(hat did each /eader !ant+

)etternich wanted to restore the status "uo

*le+ander I wanted a Eholy allianceF of

Christian *onarchs to stop future
revolutions

8ord Castlereagh wanted to stop (rance

from regaining militar$ power

4alle$rand pla$ed the other leaders to have

(rance !e accepted as an e"ual partner
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(hat !as the &ienna -ettle)ent+

4he$ redrew the map of Europe

#n the north) the$ added elgium + 8u2em!ourg

to Holland to create the Netherlands

7russia got lands along the 'hine 'iver

%ustria reasserted control over northern #tal$

This arrangement was successful in

ee!ing the !eace
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4he$ promoted the idea of legitimac$ or

restoring hereditar$ monarchies that
Napoleon had unseated

8ouis ;V### was put !ack on the throne

8egitimate monarchs were restored to power

7ortugal

Spain

4he #talian States

The End of an Era
,o! did the' plan to *eep the ne! order+

*etternich pushed to create the 2oncert of

4urope) a !eace ee!ing organization

#ncluded all the maDor European states

8eaders pledged to

maintain the !alance of power

to suppress an$ uprisings

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The i))ediate peace #oals !ere achieved,
"ut there !ere other forces at !or*

4he$ didnt take nationalism into account

when redrawing countr$ !oundaries

4he$ created a @erman Confederation with

%ustria as its head

However) the @ermans wanted to have their

own nation
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*an$ people who were inspired !$

revolutionar$ ideas condemned the Vienna
Settlement

However) a general peace lasted for ,.. $earsA

4he ideals of the (rench 'evolution were

not destro$edA

#n the ne2t decades people in Europe +

8atin %merica would seek e"ualit$ + li!ert$
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5*a', let0s see if 'ou #ot it6

What e'ent$ led to Napoleon,$ do!nfall(

His first maDor mistake was leading 5..)...

soldiers into 'ussia) Dust !efore winter which
turned out to !e maDor defeat
The End of an Era

(hat principles #uided leaders at the

2on#ress of &ienna+

4he chief goal was to create a lasting peace

!$ esta!lishing a !alance of power and
protecting the s$stem of monarch$
The End of an Era

,o! did the 2on#ress of &ienna see* to

i)pose a ne! order on 4urope+

*etternich pushed to create the Concert of

Europe which was a peacekeeping
organi9ation
The End of an Era

(hat is #uerilla !arfare+

Hit0and0run raids against an enem$

#n Spanish C Elittle !arF?

(hat is the )eanin# of a"dicate+

4o step down from power

(hat is the )eanin# of le#iti)ac'+

8egal !oundaries
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-i.
Time/
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