Kruger Ventilation Industries (Thailand) Co.

,Ltd

Induced Jet Fan

Content
Introduction

Design System

Jet Fan Products Line.

Case Study.

Q&A


Introduction
Jet Fan
Tunnel Jet Fan Induced Jet Fan
Velocity Profile
Thrust force : The momentum flux at fan
outlet, that is the product of the mass flow
and average velocity
F
T
= d * Q * v (N)
d = Air density
Q = Air volume
v = Air velocity
--Discharge of fluid from an opening into a
larger body of the same or similar fluid
Definition of Jet
Categories of Jet
Based on flow profile
Free air jet (not obstructed or affected by walls ,
ceilings or other surfaces)





Free Air Jet
Chart for determining Centerline Velocities of Axial and Radial Jet
V
x
= Centerline velocity at distance x from outlet, m/s
V
0
= Average initial velocity at discharge, m/s
X = Distance from outlet to measurement of centerline velocity Vx, m
A
0
= Core area of Neck area, m2
Kc = Centerline velocity constant
Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 2 Zone 1
Jet Expansion Zones and
Center Line Velocity

Zone 1 -- core zone
Zone 2 -- characteristic
decay zone [plane
jet],
Zone 3 ax isymmetric
decay zone [three-
dimensional free air
jet]
Zone 4 -- terminal zone

Chart for determining Centerline Velocities of Axial and Radial Jet
Free Air Jet
Throw : Horizontal or vertical axial distance an
airstream travels after leaving an air outlet before
maximum stream velocity is reduced to a specified
terminal velocity
- Maximum throw is usually defined as the
distance from the outlet to where the centerline
velocity is 0.25m/s.

Throw, X
=
1.13 K
c
Q
0

V
x
A
o

Q
0
= Discharge from outlet, CMS
Throw Distance

Entrainment : Movement of space air into the jet
caused by the airstream discharged from the
outlet (also known as secondary air motion)

Entrainment Ratios (for third zone expansion of
circular jet) Defamation
Entrainment Ratios
Example: Kruger Jet Fan IJA 355
Outlet velocity, V
o
= 18.2 m/s, Q
0
= 6480 CMH

Final Entrainment Ratios at centerline velocity,

V
x
= 1.12 m/s (Distance = 36 m)

Q
x
= 2 x 18.2 /1.12 x 6480
= 210,600 CMH
Entrainment Ratios
Design System
Normal Fan
Smoke Fan (Heat resistance)
Temperature
Air Direction
Non-Reversible
Reversible
Jet Fans
Car park Design Condition
Air Ventilation
Law 4 air change
Normal case 6 air change
Fire case 10 air change

CO 50 ppm
CO2 ?
Temperature 40 deg C (104 F)
Air velocity 0.2 mps (40 fpm)


1. Calculation by Jet Fan Velocity Profile
Number of jet fans required N = A / a
Where: A = Actual parking area (m2)
a = Jet fan area (m2)
N = A / (d x w)

Where: A = actual parking area(m2)
A = total car park area area of all fan
rooms/plan, rooms/staircase/ramp, etc.
d = Throw distance (m)
w = Flow width (m)

Induced Jet Fan Quantity

2. Calculation by Jet Fan Air Capacity
Number of jet fans required N = Q / q
Where: Q = total ventilation flow rate bared by jet fan
q = single jet fan flow rate
Q = 3 ACH x A x H

Where: A = actual parking area(m2)
A = total car park area area of all fan
rooms/plant, rooms/staircase/ramp, etc.
H = floor to ceiling distance (m)

Induced Jet Fan Quantity
Optimal sets of Exhaust & Supply fans dependent
of the fire zoning.
Where : The Supply Fan capacity are typically sized
@80% of the Exhaust Fan capacity to keep
the enclosure negatively pressurized.


Main Exhaust &Supply Fan
Quantity

Q = 6~10 ACH x A x H

Where: A = actual parking area(m2)
A = total car park area area of all fan
rooms/plant, rooms/staircase/ramp, etc.
H = floor to ceiling distance (m)

Main Exhaust &Supply Fan
Quantity
Time(Hr) CO (ppm) Ventilation
ASHRAE 8
1
9
35
7.6 L/s.m2
(1.5 cfm/ft2)
ICBO 8
1
50
200
7.6 L/s.m2
(1.5 cfm/ft2)
NIOSH/OSHA 8
Ceiling
35
200
-
BOCA - - 6 ACH
SBCCI - - 6~7 ACH
NFPA - - 6 ACH
ACGIH 8 25 -
Regional and Country Standard
Time(Hr) CO (ppm) Ventilation
Canada 8
1
11/13
25/30
-
Finland 8
15 minutes
30
75
2.7 L/s.m2
(0.53 cfm/ft2)

France Ceiling
25 minutes
200
100
165 L/s. car
(350cfm/car)

Germany - - 3.3 L/s.m2
(0.66 cfm/ft2)
Regional and Country Standards

Time(Hr) CO (ppm) Ventilation
Japan/South
Korea
- - 6.35~7.62
L/s.m2
(1.25~1.5
cfm/ft2)
Netherland 0.5 200 -
Sweden - - .91 L/s.m2
(0.18 cfm/ft2)

Australia 1
8
60
30
6 ACH
U.K. 8
15 minutes
50
300
6~10ACH
Regional and Country Standards



Australian Standard
AS 1668.2-1991
Singapore Standard
CP 13-1999
Car Park Design Duct System

Car Park Design Ductless System

Comparison Of Ducted and Ductless system


Ducted
System
Ductless
System
Fresh Air Fan






Exhaust Air
Fan






Ducted




-

Jet Fan

-




Induced Air

-




Comparison
Main Exhaust &Supply Fan
Duct System
Ductless System
Main advantages of the Induced Jet Fan
System compared to ducted system
Smoke control / defined smoke pattern
Lower pressure drop
No ducting to block, leak or become damaged
Lower power consumption
Less install emergency power required
Lower noise level
Main advantages
Main advantages of the Induced Jet Fan
System compared to ducted system
Smoke and heat removed from the
garage during fire
Major building cost saving
Little need for installation coordination
Improved access for the fire service
Safer, lighter, more open environment
Increased number of parking bay
Main advantages
Control Strategy On/Off
Control

-First Set Point Low Speed
of First Stage Fan(s)
-Second Set Point High
Speed or Second Stage
Fan(s)

-Alarm Point All Fans Within
the Same Fire Compartment
Hi Speed
Control Strategy VFD/VSD
Control

-First Set Point Min Speed
(Min ventilation rate) ~ Speed
Increase Proportionally~
-Second Set Point Max
Speed

-Alarm Point All Fans Within
the Same Fire Compartment
Max Speed
Induced Jet Fan Control
PLC Advantages

1. Operating System (O/S) is table

2.Handling the repeating operation in programming

3.To substitute the traditional relay circuit
a) Relay fail
b) The delay when the relay On/Off

4.Integrated with Industrial Network SCADA System
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System)
PLC Control
Model DCO-S2
Dual CO-Temp Sensors
Product Description

A digital ventilation controller
specifically designed to monitor
carbon monoxide and temperature in
the car parks.

To regulate the environment
according to these two parameters.
Dual CO-Temp Sensors
Model DCO-S2
CO Measurement:
Operating principle ... .Gas sensitive thick film material
(MMOS) with active carbon filter
Gas sample mode .. Diffusion
Response time (1/e) .. Less 2 min. diffusion time
Measurement range ... 0 ~ 100 ppm
Extended measurement range ..101 ~ 255 ppm
Accuracy ... ..Better than +/- 10 ppm
Annual zero drift ... ..< 5%
Resolution . ..1 ppm

Temperature Measurement:
Operating principle ... .NTC thermistor
Measuring range ... .0 to 50
o
C
Accuracy ... .. 0.75
o
C
Digital resolution .. ..0.1
o
C
Dual CO-Temp Sensors
Model DCO-S2
General Performance:
Compliance with .EMC Directive 89/336/EEC
Operating temperature range 0 to 45
o
C
Operating humidity range ..0 to 100% RH (non-condensing)
Maintenance interval ..2 years with Self Calibration Algorithm (SCA)
enabled

Electrical:
Power input .Min. 18VDC / 22 VAC, max. 30VDC / 29 VAC
Power consumption < 2 watts average
Wiring connections .Terminal block (see figure) ,2mm
2
maximum
Digital interface (options).: . ..RS232 cable with sensor slide connector
/com driver (A232 cable)
Accessories ..-K duct mount aspiration box for duct
measurement
Dual CO-Temp Sensors
Model DCO-S2
Outputs:
Linear analog controller outputs .0 to 10V x 2, Rout < 100 ohm,
RLoad > 5 kohm on Out 1 & Out2.
4 to 20mA x 2, RLoad < 500 ohm on
AN1 & 2 (V/I jumper select)
D/A resolution .. 8 bits, 39mV / 0.062mA per step
D/A conversion accuracy Within 2% of reading
Relay . Out3 & 4, isolated N.O. 1mA/5V up to
1A/50VAC/24VDC
Display .. 4 digit LCD display with ppm /
o
C indicator
Pushbutton For on-board zero calibration
CO monitor & Control System Advantages

1. Reduce ventilation to save energy when the car park
usage is low

2. Maintain ventilation to ensure acceptable car park
environment when car park usage is high

3. CO monitor & Control is the actual demand
measurement
CO Monitor & Control

How to determine the Nos. of sensor points required?

The number of sensing points is calculated using the
guidelines of AS1668.2 with the considerations given
above.
N = A/1000 x SQRT(L/W)
Where N = Nos. of sensing point
A = Area of car park in sq meters
L = Length of car park in meters
W = Width of car park in meters
SQRT = Square root
Nos. of sensor points
Sensor shall be installed at 0.9m 1.8m above
floor level (AS 1668.2).

However for practical reason (in order to avoid
vandalism), the sensors can be installed just above
1.8m.
Where to place the sensors ?
The 4 levels of Ventilation system
No ventilation required
CO 25 ppm and Temp below 25
O
C the
system no ventilation required.

CO above 25 ppm and Temp higher
than 25
O
C alarm
Additional jet fans are started with Low
speed. Related Main Exhaust and
Supply Fan will start with Low speed.
Step 1
Step 2
The 4 levels of Ventilation system
CO equal of higher than 50 ppm, Temp
reach 40
O
C alarm
Related The jet fans and Main Exhaust Fan
Main Supply Fan are switched to high speed.
Step 3
The 4 levels of Ventilation system
Fire Ventilation
The fire is automatically detected and the
smoke/ the heat is extracted according to
the location of the fire.
Some jet fans are switched off to avoid
turbulent air (Necessary jet fans are on to
control the smoke towards the exhaust
shaft).
All the Main fan (Exhaust& Supply) should
be on at high speed.
Step 4
Air Flow for Normal Conditions
Normal Conditions
Legend:
Induced Jet Fan

Exhaust Fan

Airflow
Well defined air flow for
Normal
Conditions
Normal Conditions
Fire Conditions
Activated Induced Jet Fan Exhaust Fan Car on Fire Airflow
Fire Conditions
System Layouts
Linear flow
Linear flow
Jet Fans pointing in the same general direction to
move air from one end of a car park to the other.

Similar to a traditional mechanically ducted system.

For this scheme to work effectively, the exhaust and
supply points should be located on opposing ends of
the car park across its longest dimensions.
System Layouts
System Layouts
Circular Mixing
Circular Mixing
Jet Fans positioned around the car park to generate
air movement in a circular pattern.

Air gets mixed and stirred throughout the entire area,
which provides greater dilution of pollutants within the
car park.

Suitable for smaller car parks where the length and
width of the car park is less than 50m.
System Layouts
System Layouts
Assisted Natural Flow
Assisted Natural Flow
AS/NZS1668.2:2002 states that where exhaust air
outlets are further than 40m away from supply air
intakes, consideration should be given to potentially
harmful effects of short circuiting, stack effect, wind
forces and interaction with other systems.

Where the distance is greater than 75m, the ability of
a ventilation system to effectively dilute polluted air in
all parts of the car park should be demonstrated.
System Layouts

General Design Approach
Architectural
survey of facility
Determine
ventilation
requirement and
obstacles in
enclosure
Placement of
fans and design
of air circuits
Adjusting volume
flow rate of
induced jet fans
and main supply
& exhaust fans
Verify
effectiveness of
ventilation
system design
by CFD
Deliver CFD
outputs and
graphs
CFD Simulation
CUSTOMER
ENQUIRY
Feasibility
Study
Info
Sufficient?
Consider redesign or
seek other simulation
provider
Model Set-up &
Simulation
Collection of Essential
Information(design
criteria, spec, CAD
Drawing)
Result
Analysis
RESULT
OUTPUT
Design
Modification
& Revision
CFD Simulation
Jet Fan Products Line
Model : IJA,
Standard galvanize
material
Model : IJC II,
Standard Mild steel
with painting
Model : IJC,
Standard galvanize
material
Jet Fan Products Line
Centrifugal Axial
Model : IJA,
Option with painting
Model : IJM-N,
Standard galvanize
material
Mixed flow
Model : IJM,
Standard steel with
painting
Cent Jet Fan Positioning
Cent Jet Fan Positioning
Kruger Centrifugal Jet Fan
(IJC II 100)
Model: IJC II 100
Type: Centrifugal Jet Fan
Motor: 2 Speed, maximum power of 2.2 Kw
Standard: BS EN12101-3: 2002 Rated
Temperature: 300C for 2 hour
Cent Jet Fan Positioning
The induced Jet Fans are specifically designed for the
system. They are usually very low noise level and
temperature max. 400C for 2 hours according to BSEN
12101-3 : 2002
Kruger Axial Jet Fan : IJA
Axial Jet Fan Positioning
Axial Jet Fan Positioning
Axial Jet Fan Positioning
Kruger Mixed Jet Fan : IJM
Mixed Jet Fan Positioning
Kruger Mixed Jet Fan : IJM-N
Main Exhaust and Supply Fan
Positioning
Jet Profile
Actual Test Data
Actual Test Data Plan View
Actual Test Data Plan View
Actual Test Data Plan View
Actual Test Data Side View
Actual Test Data Side View
Actual Test Data Side View
Test Report
Case Study
Case Study
Condition
- Normal Case
- Non-Reversible
- Air ventilation: 6 Air change
- Exhaust air 60,000 CFM
- Supply air 60,000 CFM
- CO < 50 ppm
- Temperature < 40
o
C
- Air movement velocity > 0.2 m/s (40 fpm)

Assumptions & Settings

-Floor height of car park: 2.5 m

- Car modeling assumption
- 3 cold cars, 3 hot cars, 131 still cars
- Car size: 1.5m x 3.5m x 1.2m
- Exhaust from car: 50mm x 50mm x 50mm

Case Study
Assumptions & Settings

-CO emission
- Cold car : 3.66 g/min
- Hot car : 1.89 g/min
- Heat of exhaust gas
- Cold car : 2,646W
- Hot car : 1,764W
Note : Cold car = A car just started up
Hot car = A car just entering car park
Case Study
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM 15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
Case Study
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM 15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
15,000 CFM
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
10,000 CFM
10,000 CFM
20,000 CFM 20,000 CFM
10,000 CFM
10,000 CFM
20,000 CFM
20,000 CFM
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Summary
Q&A
THANK YOU