International

Telecommunication
Union



Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
Electrical Safety
and
Electromagnetic Compatibility


Ahmed ZEDDAM,
ITU-T SG 5 Chairman
(France Telecom)

Claude MONEY
Rapporteur of Q6/5
(Swisscom)
ITU Consultation on Conformance
Assessment and Interoperability Testing
(Geneva, 20-21 July 2009)
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Outline of the presentation
ITU-T SG5 mandate and objectives

Protection & Safety issues :
Avoiding Damages and Injuries to people

EMC issue :
Limiting disturbances to and from telecommunication
systems

Human exposure to EMFs
Guidance for the telecommunication sector and
support to developing countries (Resolution 72)


International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
ITU-T SG 5
SG 5 Title:
Environment & Climate Change

SG 5 Mandate
Study Group 5 is responsible for :
Studies related to protection of telecommunication
networks and equipment from interference and lightning;




Studies related to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC),
safety and health effects connected with electromagnetic
fields produced by telecommunication installations and
devices, including cellular phones;

Studies on the existing copper network outside plant and
related indoor installations.

Studies on ICT & Climate Change
In this field, ITU-T SG 5 is the most experienced and competent
standardization body
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Meaning of the Mandate: Example
Study Electromagnetic Phenomena that can potentially cause
damages or disturbances to telecommunication
installations or injury to people (telecommunication
personnel and service users) as well as health effect to
population
MDF
Switching
equipment
Subscriber premises
Remote site
Telecommunication centre
Lightning
Power line
Telecom line
Mobile phone
Radio
station
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
SG 5 structure
WP 1/5
(Resistibility)
Equipment
Resistibility
Lightning
protection
Earthing &
Bonding
Electromagnetic
interference from
power and
traction systems
Safety
WP 2/5
(EMC)
Human
exposure to
e.m. fields
EMC
Emission
Immunity
Electromagne
tic security

WP 3/5
Climate change
ICT & climate
change
Methodology
Power feeding
systems
Energy
efficiency
Environmental
protection,
recycling

International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Objective
Study electromagnetic phenomena to define
PROTECTIVE MEASURES and/or INSTALLATION
TECHNIQUES by means :
Recommendations: K-series
Directives
Handbooks
Lightning Handbook
Earthing Handbook
Measuring Handbook
Mitigation Handbook


Recommendations for limiting the RISK of:

Damages to telecommunication installations and equipments
Disturbances to and from telecommunication systems
Injury to people
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Outline of the presentation
ITU-T SG5 mandate and objectives

Protection & Safety issues :
Avoiding Damages and Injuries to people

EMC issue :
Limiting disturbances to and from telecommunication
systems

Human exposure to EMFs
Guidance for the telecommunication sector and
support to developing countries (Resolution 72)


International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Damages
Sources of damages:
Lightning
Electric Power and Traction systems
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
The damages can be reduced by:
Equipment resistibility
Installation rules
Protective measures
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Resistibility and Protection
Preventing equipment damage may
require a combination of resistibility
and protection
Resistibility is
The ability of the equipment to withstand
an over-voltage or over-current
Protection is
The addition of protective measures to
prevent damages from larger surges
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
SG 5 role in the equipment protection
SG 5 is unique in over-voltage
protection
Defines equipment resistibility
requirements
Ensures coordination between
equipment and external protections
Evaluates installation practices and
their effect on resistibility
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Equipment resistibility requirements
Customers
premises
K.20 K.45 K.21
Telecom
centres
Access
Network
K.44
Test methods
Equipments have to work in many different
operators environments. However, theres a need
for a single environment requirement
Relevant Recommendations
Tests:
Impulse tests (Lightning)
Induction tests at power
frequencies (16, 50 or 60 Hz)
Power contact tests
Two protection levels:
Basic
Enhanced
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Resistibility tests
Conformance testing
Testing is performed with the equipment operational and
connected to any associated equipment.
Testing is performed for each normal mode of operation
e.g. on hook and off hook.
Testing is performed
Line to line (transverse)
Line to earth (longitudinal)
Port to external port
(e.g. Telecommunications
to mains port)
For all tests,
performance
criteria are defined
Damages
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Protection measures
Installation practices
Multiservice Surge Protective Device
(MSPD) if required. Depends on risk
assessment
Earthing and bonding
A new Home Network Special Group has
recently been established to investigate
damages and provide installation
guidelines


International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Safety
SG 5 is not the lead working group. This
role is held by IEC
However, SG 5 shall be involved when
safety and resistibility are linked e.g. insulation
is used as a protection measure
the IEC assumes that the network operator will
install protection in lightning prone areas
network operators special needs have to be
taken into account
Relevant Recommendations
K.50, K.51, K.64, K.75
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Example: Recommendation K.57
Protection measures for radio base stations sited
on power line towers
RBS cabinet between the legs of the tower
RBS antenna and the elevated cabinet
Recommendation K.57 (09/2003, Geneva):
www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-K/e
The CIGRE Technical Brochure N 266
www.e-cigre.org
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Outline of the presentation
ITU-T SG5 mandate and objectives

Protection & Safety issues: Avoiding
Damages and Injuries to people

EMC issue :
Limiting disturbances to and from telecommunication
systems

Human exposure to EMFs
Guidance for the telecommunication sector and
support to developing countries (Resolution 72)


International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMC Recommendations of K. series
cover:
Definition of environment K.34
Equipment test/conformance K.43, K.48,
K.49, K.63, K.75
Test/conformance of the network
Emission of networks K.60
ITU-T SG5 normally refers to basic
documents produced by IEC and
develops Recommendations on How
to apply them in the Telecom
environment
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Example: Recommendation K.63

Maintaining the suitability of production
telecommunications equipment to its intended
electromagnetic environment
Recommendation K.63 defines rules on how to execute tests on
normal production for checking the compliance with the EMC
requirements.
Stability of the product
Support both operator and manufacturer
Rec. K.63 suggests that only 3 tests, performed on a small
number of equipments selected at random from a batch, are
sufficient to give a good confidence on EMC performance:

1. Radiated emission 2. ESD 3. EFT

Classification based on these 3 tests:
Class I: Equipment suitable
Class II: Equipment Acceptable
Class III: Equipment Not suitable

International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Radiation: why to deal with?
Risk: reduced revenue if the
deployment of broad band services is
restricted to some areas due to
interference to other services
How does interference occur
How to manage this interference
problem
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Radiation
Risk: restricted deployment of broad band services
due to interference to other radio services
How does interference occur
How to manage this interference problem

Example: recommendation K.60
To be used only in case of radio interference
Gives advice how to solve the interference
case:
Defines border between network operator and
Authority responsibility
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Outline of the presentation
ITU-T SG5 mandate and objectives

Protection & Safety issues: Avoiding
Damages and Injuries to people

EMC issue :
Limiting disturbances to and from telecommunication
systems

Human exposure to EMFs
Guidance for the telecommunication sector and
support to developing countries (Resolution 72)


International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Human exposure to electromagnetic
fields (EMF)
Question 3/5: Human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (EMF) due to
radio systems and mobile equipment

Guidance for the telecommunication
sector
Collaboration with other
standardization bodies (IEC, CENELEC,
WHO) in order to avoid duplication of
work
Support to developing countries
Resolution 72
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Relevant ITU-T Recommendations on EMF:

K.52 (2000/2004) Guidance on complying
with limits for human exposure to
electromagnetic fields
K.61 (2003/2008) Guidance to
measurement and numerical prediction of
electromagnetic fields for compliance with
human exposure limits for telecommunication
installations
K.70 (2007) Mitigation techniques to limit
human exposure to EMF's in the vicinity of
radiocommunication base stations
K. guide (under development) Guide to
the Management of Human Exposure to
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Example :Recommendation ITU-T K.70
Mitigation techniques to limit human exposure to EMFs
in the vicinity of radiocommunication stations
Modeling of the
transmitting antennas
Importance of the
Vertical Radiation
Pattern (VRP)
Identification of the
main source of radiation
Mitigation techniques in
order to reduce
radiation level if
required
EMF-estimator
software with the library
of examples of the
transmitting antennas
International
Telecommunication
Union
Geneva, 20-21 July 2009
*
Conclusion
Only an incomplete picture of the ITU-T SG5
activities has been presented

SG 5 hasnt produced recommendations for
conformance and interoperability testing. However,
resistibility recommendations (K.20, K.21, K.44
and K.45) minimize equipment down time
(reduction in damages to equipment from lightning
and power induction surges) and might be seen as
conformance criteria

Furthermore, minimising downtime could be
considered a subset of interoperability.
The Recommendations dealing with resistibility conformance
would be useful to consider for an ITU mark program