Mat Ch36

1
Portal Frame Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures

IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG
PORTAL FRAMES
PROF. V. KALYANARAMAN

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai 600036

email: kalyan@civil.iitm.ernet.in
2
PORTAL FRAMES
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
GABLE PORTAL FRAMES
GENERAL DESIGN PROCEDURE
SECONDARY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
DESIGN EXAMPLE
3
INTRODUCTION
Applications
Single storey Industrial Buildings
Multi-storey Building
Gantry Crane Structures
Suspension Bridge Towers
Types of Frames
Rectangular Portal Frames
Gable Portal Frames
Haunched Portal Frames
4
INTRODUCTION
Gable Portal Frames (Normal ranges)
Span 9 m to 25 m
Roof slope 1 in 3 to 1 in 10
Spacing 4 m to 7.5 m
Stanchion height 3m to 15 m
Base fixed or hinged
Spacing
Stanchion
height
Span
Slope
5
INTRODUCTION
Methods of Analysis & Design
Elastic Analysis
Plastic Analysis
Non-Linear Limit Analysis

Allowable Stress Design
Plastic Design
Limit States Design
Optimum Design (Plastic or Limit States)
Advanced analysis & Design
6
GABLE PORTAL FRAMES
Types of Gable Portal Frames
Prismatic
Haunched
Tapered Latticed
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RELATIVE MERITS
Prismatic
Simple to fabricate
Inefficient use of material
Appropriate for short spans

Tapered
Efficient use of material
Fabrication cost is high
Appropriate for large spans

Haunched
Relatively Simple to fabricate
Efficient use of material
Appropriate for all spans

Latticed
Very efficient use of material
Fabrication cost is relatively
high
Appropriate for large spans

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GENERAL DESIGN PROCEDURE
Steps in Limit design Using Plastic Analysis
Determine possible loading conditions
Calculate factored load combinations
Estimate plastic moment capacity ratios
Analyse for required plastic moment capacity
Select the appropriate section
Check the section for secondary failure modes
9
ESTIMATION OF PLATIC M
P
RATIOS
Optimum Plastic Design To Obtain M
p

Simple Approximate Method
Determine the absolute plastic moment
Do this for all the load combinations
Arrest all joint rotations but not the sway
The actual plastic capacity required would be greater
Select appropriate plastic moment ratio
At joints establish equilibrium
For columns use above corner connection moments
For beams use the M
P
from absolute plastic moment
10
SECONDARY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Influence of Axial Force on M
P
Influence of Shear Force on M
P
Local Buckling of Flanges and Web
Lateral Buckling of Flexural Members
Column Buckling
11
INFLUENCE OF AXIAL FORCE ON M
P

18 . 1
y
P
P 18 . 1
p
M
pc
M
s +
Z >
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
y
P / P 1
Z 85 . 0
pc
M
p
M
Z
req
Z
F
cl
/P
cs
O
Long columns
loading curve
A
B
Failure
envelope
Stub column
loading curve
1.0
1.0
P
0
/P
cs
M
o
/M
p
F
c
/P
cs
M/M
p
M/M
p
12
INFLUENCE OF SHEAR FORCE ON M
P

Premature Failure Due to
General Shear Yielding due to high V / M
Partial Plastification Under M & Shear yielding at N. A.
V
ym
= 0.55 A
w
.f
y
.

Increase in M
P
due to strain hardening compensates for V
13
LOCAL BUCKLING
Flanges
Web
Section Classification
Plastic Sections
Compact Sections
Non-Compact Sections
Slenderness Sections
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LATERAL BUCKLING
The Compression Flanges Should Be Adequately Laterally
Supported
At plastic hinge locations
Within 640u /\ f
y
from plastic hinges
Within 960/ \ f
y
from the above bracing
Balance as per elastic design.
f
y
/
y
r 960 s
y
f /
y
r . . 640u s
f
y
/
y
r 960 s
y
f /
y
r . . 640u s
Lateral Supports to
compression flange
M
p

M
p

15
COLUMN BUCKLING
In long columns consider the failure of
stanchions as beam-columns
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CONNECTIONS
Connections between members should meet
Strength Requirements
Stiffness Requirements
Ductility Requirements
Economical
R
1

R
2

HAUNCH
POI NT, H
r
1

r
2

R
1

R
2

H
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TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
Corner Connections
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
t
t
f

d'
d
H
A
t
B
t
C
(e)
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TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
Interior Connections
(a) Top
(b) Side
(c) Interior
19
SUMMARY
Portal frames can take different shapes
Ductility of connections is important in
plastic designs
Effect of axial compression, shear, local
buckling and lateral buckling should be
considered on plastic strength

Mat Ch36

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1

Portal Frame Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures

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