HYPOTHESIS

“OLD
KARACHI WAS
BETTER THAN
NEW
KARACHI.”
 PURPOSE OF THE
THESIS:

As far as the purpose of this

thesis concern, we strongly
believe that as the time is
passing Karachi is going
towards its nastiest condition
rather than the betterment as
compare to the other mega
cities of the world.
 Definition Of Key Terms
Include:
OLD KARACHI:
One of the cleanest cities of the world, the city of lights,
city of natural seaport with natural beauty of sea with
Mangroves and towns nearby two rivers, city with unique
culture as compare with his neighbor cities and villages,
city of peace, city with all living standards.
 NEW KARACHI:
One of the Mega cities of the world, city of business, city
of industries, city of various cultures, city of different
languages, for some homeland and for some a best
earning place, biggest business and industrial zone of
country, huge buildings, beautiful underpasses and
flyover bridges.
 ‘Literature Review’
THE 1940's and ONWARDS
 
    The two major events of the 1940's were
the second World War and the freedom
struggle for Indian Independence. In 1947,
independence was finally granted to the
subcontinent and Pakistan came into being
as a new country made by the partition of
British India. Karachi was the most built up
city in Pakistan at the time. Pakistan's first
civil and military bureaucracy was housed in
the city and Karachi served as the capital city
of Pakistan until 1958 when a new capital
 Culture
Karachi is home to some of Pakistan's
important cultural institutions. The Festival
is now a well-established feature of the
city life of Karachi that is awaited
anxiously and attended by more than 3000
citizens of Karachi as well as people from
other cities.
The everyday lifestyle of Karachi differs
substantially from that of other Pakistani
towns. Therefore arrival of various nations,
Karachi has lost its actual Culture, which
was different from cultures of other parts
 Education
The education in Karachi is divided into five levels:
primary (grades one through five); middle (grades six
through eight); high (grades nine and ten, leading to the
Secondary School Certificate); intermediate (grades
eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School
Certificate); and university programs leading to graduate
and advanced degrees.
Karachi has both public and private educational
institutions from primary to university level. Most
educational institutions are gender based from primary to
university level. In past, educational Institutions were few
but educational standard was very high, but now,
Educational Institutions are in multi counting but it is very
difficult to find out educational standards.
Karachi was the first government school established in
Sindh. It was opened in October 1855. Karachi has well
known educational institutes of international standards.
  
Transport
The Jinnah International Airport is located in Karachi. It is
the largest and busiest airport of the country. It handles
10 million passengers a year. The airport also receives
the largest number of foreign airlines.
The largest shipping ports in Pakistan are the
Port of Karachi and the nearby Port Qasim. These
seaports have modern facilities and not only handle trade
for Pakistan, but also serve as ports for Afghanistan and
the land-locked Central Asian countries.
Karachi is linked by rail to the rest of the country by
Pakistan Railways. The Karachi City Station and Karachi
Cantonment Station are the city's two major railway
stations. The railway system handles a large amount of
freight to and from the Karachi port apart from providing
passenger services to people travelling up country.
 Social Behaviors

Since different lingual nations are

now present in Karachi, political crisis
and clashes have increased in last 30
Years Karachi is grooming
economically but continuously losing
its social behaviors, more than 45%
of Karachi population is there only for
earning and they don’t consider
Karachi as their living homeland
therefore criminal activities are
increasing too rapidly in modern as
compared to old Karachi.
 Natural Beauty
Cleanliness was better in old days as Karachi was awarded
“Cleanest City of Asia” in 1946. Purity of every essential
commodity including air, water and eatables is going far
away from the hands of ordinary people in Karachi now it is
developing very fast and becoming a beautiful city but is
continuously losing its natural beauty also end of River Indus
is now being used for sewerage due to which Karachi is
losing its greenery and local farming. Destruction of
Mangroves is continuously depressing the beauty of
Seashore. Due to increase in trade via deep-sea port,
Arabian Sea is now more polluted than that of Old Karachi.
Demand of Water is higher than the availability of water in
Karachi due to high population. Today polluted and
unhygienic water is available in whole Karachi. Due to
environmental and industrial pollution new viral diseases are
increasing and Health & Care department have not too
much resources to cure them.
 ‘Methodology &
Questionnaire Design’
METHODOLOGY  OF THE THESIS
 
The hypothesis is tested old citizen of Karachi who had
knowledge about old Karachi. The hypothesis is tested on
the basis of a questionnaire targeting major factors (as
discussed above) that may contribute to old citizen & new
generation satisfaction level. The questionnaire consists
of 20 closed-ended questions to get accurate responses.
The responses of the citizen to each question are
summarized and presented in a tabulated form.

However, responses of the citizen were also observed and

analyzed to frame a realistic picture of their satisfaction
 SAMPLE SIZE:
In order to test the hypothesis accurately, a
realistic and measurable sample size of 50
respondents is taken and interviewed from the
following major areas.
 
Clifton
Kharadar
Keamari
Korangi
Saddar
Gulshan-e-Iqbal
Guru Mandir
Malir
 QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Due to the arrival of various nations, Old
Karachi has lost its actual Culture, which was
different from cultures of other parts of Sindh .
2. Do you believe that since different lingual
nations are now present in Karachi, political
crisis and clashes have increased in last 30
years.
3. Now Karachi is grooming economically but
continuously
4. More than 45% of Karachi population is there
only for earning and they don’t consider
Karachi as their living homeland. losing its
social behaviors.
End of River Indus is now being used for sewerage due to which
Karachi is losing its greenery and local farming.

Criminal activities are increasing too rapidly in modern as

compared to Old Karachi.

Cleanliness was better in old days as Karachi was awarded

“Cleanest City of Asia” in 1946.

 Purity of every essential commodity including air, water

and eatables is going far away from the hands of ordinary
people in Karachi.

In past, educational Institutions were few but educational

standard was very high, but now, Educational Institutions
are in multi counting but it is very difficult to find out
educational standards.
 the beauty of Seashore.

Due to increase in trade via deep-sea port,

Arabian Sea is now more polluted than that of Old
Karachi.

Lifestyle of old Karachi was very simple, decent

and less expensive.

Now demand of Water is higher than the

availability of water in Karachi due to high
population.

Only Polluted and unhygienic water is available in

whole Karachi.

Population and traffic problems are increasing day

Due to increase in traffic rate of Road accidents
are now escalating in Karachi.

With few technologies Strong and valuable

buildings were built, but now with high
technologies there is no reliability of new
constructions in Karachi.

Due to environmental and industrial pollution

new viral diseases are increasing and Health &
Care department have not too much resources
to cure them.

Building or Purchasing a new home is now

impossible for poor and low class families living
in Karachi.
 ‘Research Results &
Analysis’

RESEARCH RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

Following tables have been designed for
each question in the questionnaire. The
results that were found out are
summarized and tabulated along with an
in-depth analysis of each question after
reviewing the results and data obtained.
1.Due to the arrival of various nations, Old Karachi has lost
its actual Culture, which was different from cultures of
other partsOPTIONS
of Sindh RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 13 26%

Agree 30 60%

Strongly Disagree 2 4%

Disagree 5 10%

10%

4%
26%

S trongly
Agre e
Agre e

S trongly
Dia gre e
Disa gre e
60%
 ANALYSIS:
This table shows that 26% of the total respondents
strongly agree to the Old Karachi has lost its actual
culture whereas, 60% of the respondents agreed, 4%
of the respondents strongly disagree and 10% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 86%
of the respondents supported the statement.
However, the results also indicate that 14% of the
respondents were not agreed of the fact.
This shows that, due to arrival of various nations
Karachi has lost his actual culture and now it become
a multi lingual and cultural city with no common
culture.
2 Do you believe that since different lingual nations are now present
in Karachi, political crisis and clashes have increased in last 30
years?
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 17 34%

Agree 26 52%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%

Disagree 6 12%

12%

2%
34%
Strongly
Agree
Agree

Strongly
Diagree
52% Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 34% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the political crises & crashes have
increased by different lingual nations whereas, 52% of the
respondents agreed, 2% of the respondents strongly
disagree and 12% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 86% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that
14% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
This shows that, almost all the population aware with the
political crises and crashes of Karachi in last 30 years.
3 Now Karachi is grooming economically but continuously
losing its social behaviors.
OPTIONS
 
RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 9 18%

Agree 28 56%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%

Disagree 12 24%

18%
24%

Strongly
Agree
2% Agree

Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
56%
  
ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 18% of the total respondents

strongly agree to that Karachi is loosing its social
behaviors whereas, 56% of the respondents agreed, 2%
of the respondents strongly disagree and 24% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 74% of
the respondents supported the statement. However, the
results also indicate that 26% of the respondents were
not agreed as per statement.
This shows that the social behaviors of people are
changing very rapidly as compare to its economical
growth.
 4 More than 45% of Karachi population is there only
  for earning and they don’t consider Karachi as their
OPTIONS
livingRESPONSE
homeland.PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 17 34%

Agree 28 56%

Strongly Disagree 2 4%

Disagree 3 6%

 
 
  4%
6%

 
  34%
  Strongly
Agree
  Agree
 
  Strongly
Diagree
56% Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 34% of the total respondents

strongly agree to that 45% of Karachi population is
there only for earning whereas, 56% of the respondents
agreed, 4% of the respondents strongly disagree and
6% of the respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a
total 90% of the respondents supported the statement.
However, the results also indicate that 10% of the
respondents were not agreed of the fact.
This shows that a huge number of populations do not
sincere with the care of Karachi.
 5 Now Karachi is developing very fast and
becoming a beautiful city but is continuously losing
its natural beauty.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE
 

Strongly Agree 4 8%

Agree 26 52%

Strongly Disagree 3 6%

Disagree 17 34%

8%

  34%
  Strongly
Agree
Agree

Strongly
52% Diagree
6%
Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 8% of the total respondents strongly

agree to that Karachi is continuously loosing its natural
beauty whereas, 52% of the respondents agreed, 6% of
the respondents strongly disagree and 34% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 60% of
the respondents supported the statement. However, the
results also indicate that 40% of the respondents were
not agreed of the fact.
This shows that natural beauty of Karachi is dismissing by
the development of new structures.
6 End of River Indus is now being used for sewerage
due to which Karachi is losing its greenery and local
farming.
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 10 20%

Agree 32 64%

Strongly Disagree 3 6%

Disagree 5 10%

10%
20%
6%

Strongly
Agree
Agree

Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
64%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 20% of the total respondents

strongly agree to Karachi losing its greenery and local
farming whereas, 64% of the respondents agreed, 6% of
the respondents strongly disagree and 10% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 84% of
the respondents supported the statement. However, the
results also indicate that 16% of the respondents were
not agreed of the fact.
This shows that
 7 Criminal activities are increasing too rapidly in modern
as compared to Old Karachi.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 9 18%

Agree 28 56%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%

Disagree 12 24%
 
 
 
 
 
  18%
  24%
 
  Strongly
  Agree
2% Agree
 
 
  Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
56%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 18% of the total respondents

strongly agree to criminal activities are increasing too
rapidly in modern Karachi whereas, 56% of the
respondents agreed, 2% of the respondents strongly
disagree and 24% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 74% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that
26% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
 
 8 Cleanliness was better in old days as Karachi was
awarded “Cleanest City of Asia” in 1946.
 

OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 14 28%

Agree 23 46%

Strongly Disagree 2 4%

 
  Disagree 11 22%
 
 
 
 
  22%
  28%
 
Strongly
  Agree
  4%
Agree
 
  Strongly
  Diagree
Disagree
46%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 28% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the cleanliness was better in old days
whereas, 46% of the respondents agreed, 4% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 22% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 74%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 26% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
9 Purity of every essential commodity including air, water
and eatables is going far away from the hands of ordinary
people in Karachi.
OPTIONS
 
RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 23 46%

Agree 18 36%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%

Disagree 8 16%

16%

2%
Strongly
46% Agree
Agree

Strongly
36% Diagree
Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 46% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the impurity of every essential
whereas, 36% of the respondents agreed, 2% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 16% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 82%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 18% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
 10   In past, educational Institutions were few but
educational standard was very high, but now, Educational
Institutions are in multi counting but it is very difficult to
find out educational standards.
OPTIONS  
RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 17 34%

Agree 23 46%

Strongly Disagree 3 6%

Disagree 7 14%

14%

  6% 34%
Strongly
Agree
```` Agree

Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
46%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 34% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the educational standard was better
in past whereas, 46% of the respondents agreed, 6%
of the respondents strongly disagree and 14% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 80%
of the respondents supported the statement.
However, the results also indicate that 20% of the
respondents were not agreed of the fact.
 11   Destruction of Mangroves is continuously depressing
the beauty of Seashore.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 6 12%

Agree 33 66%

Strongly Disagree 0 0%

  Disagree 11 22%
 
 
 
 
  12%
  22%
 
 
Strongly
  0% Agree
  Agree
 
  Strongly
  Diagree
Disagree
66%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 12% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the losing of beauty of seashore due
to destruction of Mangroves whereas, 66% of the
respondents agreed, 0% of the respondents strongly
disagree and 22% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 78% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that
22% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
 
 12 Due to increase in trade via deep-sea port, Arabian
Sea is now more polluted than that of Old Karachi.
 

OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 19 38%

Agree 25 50%

Strongly Disagree 0 0%
 
 
  Disagree 6 12%
 
 
  12%
  0%
 
  38% Strongly
  Agree
  Agree
 
  Strongly
  Diagree
50%
Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 38% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the Arabian Sea is now more polluted
whereas, 50% of the respondents agreed, 0% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 12% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 88%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 12% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
 13   Lifestyle of old Karachi was very simple, decent and
less expensive.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 27 54%

Agree 22 44%

Strongly Disagree 0 0%

Disagree 1 2%

2%
0%

Strongly
Agree
44%
Agree
54%

Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 54% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the Old Karachi’s life style was better
whereas, 44% of the respondents agreed, 0% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 2% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 98%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 2% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
 14  Now demand of Water is higher than the availability
of water in Karachi due to high population.
 

OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 21 42%

Agree 26 52%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%
 
 
  Disagree 2 4%
 
 
  2% 4%
 
 
 
Strongly
  42%
Agree
  Agree
 
  52% Strongly
  Diagree
Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 42% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the available water is not fulfilling
the current requirement whereas, 52% of the
respondents agreed, 2% of the respondents strongly
disagree and 4% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 94% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that
6% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
 
 15 Only Polluted and unhygienic water is available in
whole Karachi.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 8 16%

Agree 16 32%

Strongly Disagree 4 8%

 
  Disagree 22 44%
 
 
 
  16%

 
 
Strongly
  44% Agree
 
Agree
 
  32% Strongly
  Diagree
  Disagree
8%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 16% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the availability of only Polluted and
unhygienic water in whole Karachi whereas, 32% of the
respondents agreed, 8% of the respondents strongly
disagree and 44% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 48% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that
52% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
16 Population and traffic problems are increasing day by
day in Karachi.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 33 66%

Agree 15 30%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%

Disagree 1 2%

2%2%

30% Strongly
Agree
Agree

Strongly
66%
Diagree
Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 66% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the increase of traffic problems
whereas, 30% of the respondents agreed, 2% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 2% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 96%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 4% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
17  Due to increase in traffic rate of Road accidents are
now escalating in Karachi.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 15 30%

Agree 26 52%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%

Disagree 8 16%

16%

30%
2%
Strongly
Agree
Agree

Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
52%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 30% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the escalating rate of road accidents
whereas, 52% of the respondents agreed, 2% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 16% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 82%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 18% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
 18 With few technologies Strong and valuable buildings were 
built, but now with high technologies there is no reliability of new 
constructions in Karachi.
OPTIONS
  RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 8 16%

Agree 25 50%

Strongly Disagree 2 4%

Disagree 15 30%

16%

30%

Strongly
Agree
Agree

4% Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
50%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 16% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the unreliability of new constructions
whereas, 50% of the respondents agreed, 4% of the
respondents strongly disagree and 30% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 66%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 34% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
 19 Due to environmental and industrial pollution new
viral diseases are increasing and Health & Care
department have not too much resources to cure them.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 14 28%

Agree 29 58%

Strongly Disagree 0 0%

 
  Disagree 7 14%
 
 
 
  14%
  0% 28%
 
  Strongly
  Agree
  Agree
 
  Strongly
Diagree
 
Disagree
58%
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 28% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the need of resources to cure newly
developed viral diseases whereas, 58% of the
respondents agreed, 0% of the respondents strongly
disagree and 14% of the respondents disagree to this
fact. Thus, a total of 86% of the respondents supported
the statement. However, the results also indicate that
14% of the respondents were not agreed of the fact.
20  Building or Purchasing a new home is now impossible
for poor and low class families living in Karachi.
 
OPTIONS RESPONSE PERCENTAGE

Strongly Agree 32 64%

Agree 17 34%

Strongly Disagree 1 2%

Disagree 0 0%

2%
0%

34% Strongly
Agree
Agree

64% Strongly
Diagree
Disagree
 ANALYSIS:

This table shows that 64% of the total respondents

strongly agree to the impossibility of building or
purchasing of new home for poor and low class
families whereas, 34% of the respondents agreed, 2%
of the respondents strongly disagree and 0% of the
respondents disagree to this fact. Thus, a total of 98%
of the respondents supported the statement. However,
the results also indicate that 2% of the respondents
were not agreed of the fact.
 CONCLUSION
After thoroughly analyzing the
findings of my research, I would
conclude that my hypothesis, “Old
Karachi was better than new Karachi”,
is strongly valid as overall 81% of
respondents agreed to the points we
raised. So if we want our Karachi as a
groomed and well cultured Mega City
we have to follow the way of working,
administration and caring as that of
old days.