Bt1093 Week1 Plums

BT1093 Matematik Perniagaan
(Business Mathematics)
Week 1, Semester 1, 2006/2007
School of Business & Economics,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
COURSE INTRODUCTION &
SYLLABUS (1)
Course Code: BT1093
Course Title: Matematik Perniagaan
Course Venue: BT10
Course Day/Time: Sunday/4-7PM
Course Textbook:
Haeussler Jr., E.F, Paul, R.S. & R.J. Wood
(2005). Introductory Mathematical Analysis.
11th Edition. Pearson Education Inc.
SYLLABUS (2)
Course Instructor:
Cik Sharon Cheuk (Room 13, Level 3, Ext. 1581)

Blogsite: www.businessmaths.wordpress.com
- course materials (lecture notes, tutorial answers)
- announcements
- suggested additional readings
- your comments
SYLLABUS (3)
SYLLABUS (4)
Course Objectives: Upon completion of
this course, students should be able to:
Use algebra, graphs and calculus applications
to solve practical business problems
Explain the meaning of compound interest,
present value, promissory, annuities, and loan
amortisation
Understand the concept of probability and
how it describes a set of data
Use the results of mathematical calculations
to help evaluate various options in reaching
financial decisions, personal or business
SYLLABUS (5)
Learning Outcomes:
Obtain the skills and knowledge necessary to
succeed in math-based courses
Able to explore career options from a non-
mathematician's point of view
Able to demonstrate skills in calculating
practical financial problems of a business
nature
An increased knowledge of the topics of
Algebra, Probability and Calculus and learn
how these can be applied to solve problems
SYLLABUS (6)
Course Syllabus (1):
Week 1.......Algebra Refresher
Week 2.......Applications of Equations &
Inequalities
Week 3.......Functions & graphs
Week 4.......Lines, Parabolas & Systems (Quiz 1)
Week 5.......Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Week 6.......Matrix Algebra (Quiz 2)
Week 7.......Mid-Semester Exam
SYLLABUS (7)
Course Syllabus (2):
Week 8.......Linear Programming
Week 9.......Intro to Probability & Statistics
Week 10....Limits & Continuity
Week 11....Differentiation (Quiz 3)
Week 12....Integration
Week 13....Methods & Applications of
Integration (Quiz 4)
Week 14....Revision
SYLLABUS (8)
Course Assessment:
Individual Assignment.10%
Group Assignment15%
Quizzes..10%
Mid-Semester Exam.25%
60%
Final Exam.40%
Total.100%
SYLLABUS (9)
Quizzes (20%):
Scheduled quizzes are in Week 4, 6, 11 & 13
Quizzes will cover materials from current and
previous weeks. For e.g. Quiz in Week 4 will
cover materials from Weeks 1-3
Replacement quiz is at the discretion of the
lecturer
Marking will be based on completion and
correctness of all answers
SYLLABUS (10)
Mid-Semester Examination (20%):
Mid-Sem Exam is scheduled in Week 7
Mid-Sem Exam will cover materials from
Week 1 to Week 5
Replacement of Mid-Sem Exam is at the
discretion of the lecturer
SYLLABUS (11)
Final Examination (50%):
Final Exam is scheduled to be held anytime
during the universitys examination weeks
Final Exam will cover materials from Week 1
to Week 14
Replacement of Final Exam is subject to the
universitys academic rules and regulations
LECTURE OUTLINE
Lecture Objectives
Course Introduction & Syllabus
Topic 1 Sets of Real Numbers
Topic 2 Some Properties of Real Numbers
Topic 3 Exponents & Radicals
Topic 4 Operations with Algebraic Expressions
Topic 5 Factoring
Topic 6 Fractions
Topic 7 Linear Equations (Week 2)
Topic 8 Quadratic Equations (Week 2)
Tutorial Questions
ALGEBRA REFRESHER
Algebraic equations - its calculation
involves formula in which variable
quantities numbers are replaced with real
numbers and arithmetic operations
Examples
Financial ratios (business)
Speed of car (km or mile/hour)
Academic achievement GPA/CGPA
(PNGS/PNGK)
SETS OF REAL NUMBERS (1)
Set : Collection of object (also known as
set element or member of the set)
Elements or members of a set can be
shown in braces
E.g. A = {1,3,5,7,9}; B = {3,5,7}
In E.g. above, B is also a subset of A

Positive integers (or natural number) is a
set of the numbers 1, 2, 3, and so on
E.g. Set of positive integers = {1,2,3,...}
Negative integers is a set of the numbers
-1, -2, -3, and so on
E.g. Set of negative integers = {-1,-2,-3,...}
Set of integers: sets of positive and
negative integers
E.g. Set of integers = {,3,2,1,0,-1,-2,-3,...}
Set of rational numbers = a/b (b 0), where a, b
are integers and division by 0 is not defined
Rational numbers are decimals that terminate
E.g. Set of rational numbers = {1/2 = 0.5,5/2 = 2.5,
3/1 = 3}
Rational numbers are also non-terminating
repeating decimal numbers
E.g. Set of rational numbers =
{2/3 = 0.6666., 1/15 = 0.13333.}
Irrational numbers - non-terminating non-
repeating decimals
Cannot be written as an integer divided by
another integer
E.g: (pi) and 2 is not a rational number
Set of real numbers = rational + irrational
numbers
Set of real numbers can be seen on the
points in a line

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

1/3 - -3.5 3 4.5

-2/3
Example of a real number (coordinate)
line: (some points and coordinates)
SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (1)
A few important properties of real numbers
The Transitive Property of Equality:
If a = b and b = c, then a = c
E.g. if x = y, x = 5, then y = 5
E.g. if p = q, p = -9, then q = -9
SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (2)
The Commutative Properties of Addition
and Multiplication:
a + b = b + a and ab = ba
Two number can be added and multiplied in
any order
E.g. 5 + 12 = 12 + 5
E.g. 5 12 = 12 5
SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (3)
The Associative Properties of Addition and
Multiplication:
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c and
a(bc) = (ab)c
In addition to addition and multiplication,
numbers can be grouped in any order
E.g. 3 + (5 + 7) = (3 + 5) + 7
E.g. 3 (5 7) = (3 5) 7
SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (4)
The Inverse Properties (1):
i) For each real number a, there is a
unique real number denoted a such
that
a+(-a) = 0
also known as additive inverse or
negative of a
E.g. 5 + (-5) = 0
SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (5)
The Inverse Properties (2):
ii) For each real number a, except 0,
there is a unique real number denoted
a
-1
such that
a a
-1
= 1
also known as multiplicative inverse of
a
E.g. 5 (5
-1
) = 5 1 / 5 = 5 / 5 = 1
SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (6)
The Distributive Properties (1):
a(b + c) = ab + ac and
(b + c)a = ba + ca
also extendable to any number of
terms
a(b + c + d) = ab + ac + ad
E.g. 2(3 + 5) = 2(8) = 16 is also
2(3+5) = 2(3) + 2(5) = 6 + 10 = 16
E.g. x (y + 7) = x(y) + x(7) = xy + 7x
SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (7)
Subtraction
a b means a + (-b)
E.g. 4 - 5 = 4 + (- 5)

SOME PROPERTIES OF
REAL NUMBERS (8)
Division
a b , or a/b = a(b
-1
)
since b
-1
= 1/b, a/b = a(b
-1
) = a (1/b)
E.g. 4 5 = 4/5 is also 4 1/5
Refer to pages 7-8 of textbook for
comprehensive list of rules for real
numbers
EXPONENTS AND RADICALS (1)
The product of x x x is abbreviated as x
3
x
n
is the abbreviation for product of n xs,
where n is a positive integer
In x
n
, n is the exponent and x is the base
x
n
= x x .. x (n factors)
x
-n
= 1 / x
n
= 1 / (x x .. x) (n factors)
1/x
-n
= x
n
x
0
= 1 if x 0. 0
0
is not defined.
If r
n =
x, where n is a positive integer, then r
is the nth root of x
E.g. 4
2 =
16, so 4 is the square root of 16
E.g. 2
3 =
8, so 2 is the cube root of 8
The principal nth root (
n
x) is positive if x
is positive and negative if x is negative and
n is odd
E.g.
2
4 = 2 (+ve)
E.g.
3
-27 = -3 (-ve)
Refer to page 11 of textbook for
comprehensive list of rules for exponents
and radicals
Exponents
Prob.5 (Sec. 0.3) Simplify and express all
answers in terms of positive exponents

Answer:

Exponents & Radicals
Prob.39 (Sec. 0.3) Simplify the expressions

Answer:
Exponents
Prob.51 (Sec. 0.3) Write the expression in
terms of positive exponents only. Avoid all
radicals in the final form.

Answer:

Exponents
Prob.57 (Sec. 0.3) Write the exponential forms
involving radicals

Answer:

Radicals
Prob.71 (Sec. 0.3) Simplify the expressions.
Express all answers in terms of positive
exponents. Rationalize the denominator where
necessary to avoid fractional exponents of
denominator.

Answer:

Radicals
Prob.75 (Sec. 0.3) Simplify the expressions.
Express all answers in terms of positive
exponents. Rationalize the denominator where
necessary to avoid fractional exponents of
denominator.

Answer:
OPERATIONS WITH
ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS (1)
Algebraic expressions are numbers
represented by symbols which are
combined by any or all of the arithmetic
operations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division as well as
exponentiation and extraction of roots.
OPERATIONS WITH
Algebraic expressions
with exactly one term : monomials
with exactly two terms: binomials
with exactly three terms: trinomials
with more than one term: multinomials
OPERATIONS WITH
Adding Algebraic Expression
Prob.7 (Sec. 0.4) Perform the indicated
operations and simplify
(6x
2
+ 10xy + 2) (2z xy + 4)

Answer: (6x
2
+ 10xy + 2) (2z xy + 4)
= 6x
2
+ 10xy + 2 2z + xy - 4

= 6x
2
+ 10xy + xy - 2z + 2 4
= 6x
2
+ 11xy - 2z + 2 4
OPERATIONS WITH
Subtracting Algebraic Expression
3(x
2
+ y
2
) x(y + 2x) + 2y(x + 3y)

Answer: 3x
2
+ 3y
2
xy - 2x
2
+ 2xy

+ 6y
2
= 3x
2
- 2x
2
+ 3y
2
+ 6y
2
xy + 2xy
= x
2
+ 9y
2
+ xy

OPERATIONS WITH
Removing Grouping Symbols
2[3[3(x
2
+ 2) 2(x
2
5)]]

Answer: 2[3[3x
2
+ 6 2x
2
+ 10]]
= 2[3[3x
2
- 2x
2
+ 6 + 10]] (rearranging)
= 2[3[x
2
+ 16]] = 2[3x
2
+ 48] = 6x
2
+ 96
OPERATIONS WITH
Special Products
Refer to page 18 of textbook for list of
rules for special products
(x

+ 4)(x + 5)
Answer: (x

+4)(x + 5) = x
2
+ 5x + 4x + 20

= x
2
+ 9x + 20
OPERATIONS WITH
Multiplying Multinomials
(x
2
- 4)(3x
2
+ 2x - 1)

Answer: x
2
(3x
2
+ 2x 1) 4(3x
2
+ 2x 1)
= 3x
4
+ 2x
3
- x
2
- 12x
2
- 8x

+ 4
= 3x
4
+ 2x
3
- 13x
2
- 8x

+ 4
OPERATIONS WITH
Dividing a Multinomial by a Multinomial

Answer:

OPERATIONS WITH
Long Division
Prob.51 (Sec. 0.4)
Perform the indicated
(3x
3
-2x
2
+x 3)(x + 2)
FACTORING (1)
Factoring is rewriting expression as a
product of 2 or more factors
E.g. If c = ab, then a and b are factors of c
Refer to page 21 of textbook for list of
rules for factoring
FACTORING (2)
Common Factors
Prob.5 (Sec. 0.5) Factor the following
expressions completely
8a
3
bc - 12ab
3
cd + 4b
4
c
2
d
2

Answer:
4bc(2a
3 -
3ab
2
d + b
3
cd
2
)

FACTORING (3)
Factoring Trinomials
p
2
+ 4p + 3

Answer:
(p+1)(p+3)
FRACTIONS (1)
Algebraic expressions which are
fractions can be simplified multiplying
and dividing both numerator and
denominator of a fraction by the same
non-zero quantity
FRACTIONS (2)
Simplifying Fractions

Answer:

FRACTIONS (3)
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions
Rule for multiplying with is

Rule for dividing with where c 0 is

FRACTIONS (4)
Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

Answer:

FRACTIONS (5)
Rationalizing the Denominator
Prob.53 (Sec. 0.6) Simplify and express your
answer in a form that is free of radicals in the
denominator

Answer:
FRACTIONS (6)
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Prob.29 (Sec. 0.6) Perform the operations and
simplify as much as possible

Answer:

FRACTIONS (7)
Addition and
Subtraction of
Fractions
Prob.39 (Sec. 0.6)
Perform the operations
and simplify as much
as possible

FRACTIONS (8)
Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
Answer:

TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
- CHAPTER 0 (1)
Sec. 0.1 4, 5, 7, 8
Sec. 0.2 3, 4, 10, 22
Sec. 0.3 55, 58, 65, 85, 90
Sec. 0.4 18, 37, 39, 50
Sec. 0.5 38, 40, 46, 50
Sec. 0.6 10, 34, 46, 59
Sec. 0.7 30, 37, 46, 59, 71, 75, 85, 92, 105
Sec. 0.8 25, 32, 40, 47, 54, 74, 84

Bt1093 Week1 Plums

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