MONITORING AMBIENT

AIR (SULPHUR DIOXIDE)

AS229
Ili Arina Anuar
Ahmad Anhar
Mohd Hanapi

SO2
highly reactive
gasses

Source

fossil fuel combustion at power plants

other industrial facilities fertiliser manufacturing, aluminium smelting and steel making
coal and oil (for example, coal being burnt in a home fireplace for heating and diesel-powered vehicles).
Natural sources - geothermal activity

One of the
criteria
pollutants
as the indicator
gaseous sulfur
oxides (SOx).

EFFECTS

5
minutes
- 24
hours

high concentrations of
SO2 formation of other SOx

adverse
respiratory

penetrate
deeply into
sensitive parts
of the lungs
and can cause
or worsen
respiratory
disease, such
as ecosystems

SOx can react

with other
compounds

acid rain affect

vegetation
around
industrial
discharges and
in cities

visibility

Haze

reduce
visibility.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF
UV ANALYZER

Pneumatic
system

Analytical
system

Electronic
hardware

sample inlet
line
particulate filter
hydrocarbon
scrubber/kicker
dryer (if
needed)
sample cell
reaction
chamber
flowmeter
pump

UV source with
the associated
source filters,
lenses, and
optics
light baffles
detector
(photomultiplier
tube)
bandpass
filters.

consists of the
electronic
components
that control the
analyzer and
process the
signals.

UV SAMPLER
COMPONENTS

Instrument
shelter

Calibration
system

Data
acquisition
system
(DAS)

Wiring,
tubing &
fittings

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

Measures emitted fluorescence of SO2 produced by the

absorption of uv light

Narrow band-pass filter mirror allows only light wavelengths of

190 to 230 nm to pass into the fluorescent chamber

The SO2 molecules absorbed are excited by UV light and emit a

characteristic decay radiation
A second filter allows only this decay radiation to contact a
photomultiplier tube (PMT). Electronic signal processing
transfers the light energy impinging on the PMT into a voltage
which is directly analyzed

SO2 +h1 SO2 *SO2 +h2 where:

Where h1 = incidence light,

h2 = fluoresced light
SO2* = SO2 in its excited state

METHODS FOR UV
SAMPLER

In sample mode, the sample is

drawn into the analyzer through the
sample bulkhead.

The sample flows through a

hydrocarbon kicker (scrubber) which
allows only hydrocarbon molecules
to pass through the tube wall.

The sample flows into the

fluorescence chamber, where
pulsating UV light excites the SO2
molecules.

The band pass filter allows only the

wavelengths emitted by the excited
SO2 molecules to reach the PMT. The
PMT detects the UV light emission
from the decaying SO2 molecules

The sample then flows through a flow

sensor

Outputs the SO2 concentration to the

front panel display and the analog or
digital outputs.

 http://www.epa.gov/airquality/sulfurdioxide/
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/air/breathe/sulphur dioxide.html
http://www.epa.gov/airquality/sulfurdioxide/basic.html
http://www.epa.gov/airquality/sulfurdioxide/health.html
http://www.cleanairtrust.org/sulfurdioxide.html
http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/air/breathe/sulphur dioxide.html
http://www.epa.gov/airquality/sulfurdioxide/implement.html