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Synchronous Data-Transmission

Systems

Introduction
As part of the technique of Remote Indicating,
synchronous data-transmission systems, or synchro
systems as they are generically known, were
introduced.
Synchros consists of transmitting and receiving
elements which, in varying circuit configurations, are
now utilized not only in certain engine instruments,
but also in analogue-type ADC, remote-indicating
compasses and in flight director systems for heading
and aircraft attitude sensing.

Categories of Synchro systems


Four main categories
Torque
Control
Resolver
Differential

Differential synchros
In some applications its necessary to detect
and transmit error signal representative of
two angular positions and in such a manner
that the receiver element of a synchro system
will indicate the algebraic difference or the
sum of two angles.

TDX synchro system

3. Differential synchros
Used to find the error difference between two
angular positions
Differential synchros when utilised in torque
or control synchro system, they are designated
as TDX and CDX respectively.
Rotor Rotation
Clockwise rotation taken as positive
Anticlockwise rotation takes as negative

Algebraic Addition

CDX synchro system

3. Resolver synchros
Used to convert
voltages which represent the
coordinates into polar coordinates
Also from polar coordinates to
coordinates

cartesian
cartesian

Polar and Cartesian coordinates

Polar to Cartesian Coordinates

Cartesian to Polar Coordinates

ANGLE OF ATTACK SENSOR

AOA sensing
Wing assumes a stalled conditions.Since it
occurs at a particular angle rather than a
particular speed,the critical AOA is also
referred to as the stalling angle.
Angle relates to the design of aerofoil adopted
for wings for any aircraft varies between 12
and 18 .

AOA is measured with respect to airflow.


SWS computer: incoming data from from the
AOA sensor is processed and compared with
the allowable stall limit angle which is one or
two degrees below the critical stall angle.
The limit angle is computed by taking the
inputs such as flap position, pitching rate and
bank angle.

At the critical AOA ,the wing is unable to


support the weight of aircraft causing the
aircraft to descend,which in turn cause the
AOA to increase further.This is known as stall.
Stall condition is very dangerous particularly
at low level flight altitude.

Stall warning system


Simplest and adopted in several types of small
aircraft consists of a hinged vane type sensor
mounted in the leading edge of a wing so that
the vane protrudes into the airstream.
The stall warning system gives warning about
the incipient stall condition,by alerting the
pilot even before stall conditions are reached.

Stall warning system typically comprises of


1.AOA sensor
2.SWS computer
3.Warning indicators
-stick shaker
-aural warning
-stick pusher

STALL WARNING SYSTEM


STICK SHAKER SYSTEM

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