EXPANDED PROGRAM ON

IMMUNIZATION

Reduce the morbidity and mortality

among children against seven (7) vaccine
preventable diseases regionwide and
achieve at least 95% FIC coverage to all
barangays.

Seven (7) Vaccine Preventable Diseases

1. Poliomyelitis is a crippling disease caused by
anyone of 3 related viruses, poliovirus types 1, 2
or 3
2. Diptheria is caused by bacterium
corynebacterium diphtheriae. This germ
produces a toxic that can harm or destroy human
body tissues & organs.
3. Measles is a highly infectious viral disease that
kills more children than any other vaccine
preventable disease.

Seven (7) Vaccine Preventable Diseases

4. Tetanus is caused by a bacteria found in the
environment.
5. Hepatitis B is caused by virus that affects the
liver.
6. Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium
mycobacterium tuberculosis w/c usually attacks
the lungs but can also affect other parts of the
body, including the bones, joint and brain.
7. Pertussis or Whooping Cough is a disease of the
respiratory tract caused by bacteria that live in
the mouth, nose and throat.

VACCINES
What is Vaccines?
- Any preparation intended to produce immunity to a
disease by stimulating the production of antibodies.
Three Essential Qualities of Vaccine.
1. Safe
a. Must produce protective immunity.
b. Must have only minimal side effects.
c. More discomfort in side effects can be acceptable,
however, depending upon the severity of the disease
the vaccine is designed to prevent .

VACCINES
Three Essential Qualities of Vaccine.
2. Immunogenic
a. Must cause a strong and measurable immune
response.
b. Prime the recipient s immune system to recognize the
disease causing microbe and launch a counter attack
before illness can occur.
c. Must induce the right type of immunity.
3. Stable
a. Must be stable during its shell life.

VACCINE SCHEDULE AND STORAGE

Vaccine

Schedule of
Vaccination

BCG:
Anytime
It is given at the
after birth
earliest possible
age, protects the
possibility of
infection fr. Other
family members.
OPV:
The extent of
protection against
polio is increased
the earlier the
OPV is given

1st dose 6
weeks
2nd dose 10
weeks
3rd dose 14
weeks

How it is
stored

Route of
Administra
tion

Remarks

+20c to
8 0c

Intradermal

-Freezing does not

damage it but
ampoules may
break.
- Diluents should
also be kept before
use.

-150c to
250c

Oral

- It is easily
damaged by heat
but is not harmed
by freezing.

VACCINE SCHEDULE AND STORAGE

Vaccine

DPT
An early start w/
DPT reduces the
chance of severe
pertussis

Schedule of
Vaccination

How it is
stored

1st dose 6 wks.

+20c to
2nd dose 10 wks.
+80c
3rd dose 14 wks.

HepatitisB
1st dose 6 wks.
+20c to
An early start of
2nd dose 10 wks. +80c
HepB reduces the 3rd dose 14 wks.
chance of being
infected and
becoming a
carrier

Route of
Administr
ation

Remarks

Intramusc
ular

The DT
component is
damaged by
freezing & P
component is
damaged by
heat.

Intramusc
ular

Both heat and

freezing the
damages the
vaccine

VACCINE SCHEDULE AND STORAGE

Vaccine

Schedule of
Vaccination

How it is
stored

Route of
Administr
ation

Remarks

Measle
At least 85% of
Measle can be
prevented by
immunization at
this stage

9 months

-150c to -250c
Subcutane
but can
ous
also be
safely
stored bet.
+20c to
+80c until
its expiry
date.

Diluents should
also be kept
cold before use.

MMR
Prevent the
occurrence
Measles, Mumps,
Congenital
Rubella

12 - 15 mos.

Same

Same

Same

VACCINE SCHEDULE AND STORAGE

Vaccine

Schedule of
Vaccination

Tetanus Toxoid
Prevents
Tetanus in
both the
mother and
the newborn

1st dose as early as

possible during 1st
Pregnancy
2nd dose 4wks.
After 1st dose w/in
the same
pregnancy
3rd dose 6 mos.
After TT2
4th dose 1 yr. after
TT3
5th dose 1 yr. after
TT4

How it is
stored
+20c to 80c

Route of
Administr
ation

Remarks

Intramusc
ular

It should never
be frozen.

What is Immunization Safety ?

Public health practices and policies.
Focusing on minimizing risk of transmission of

disease w/ injection and maximizing the effectiveness

of the vaccine.
Spectrum of the events fr. proper manufacture to
correct administration.

Why is Immunization Safety Important?

To ensure the quality and potency of vaccines.
To protect the safety of clients and health workers.
To secure the safety of entire community through

proper disposal.

What is Injection Safety?

Does not harm the recipient.
Does not expose the health staff to any avoidable risks.

Does not result in waste that is dangerous to the

community.

Injection Equipments
Auto Disable Syringe
a. Disposable injection devices.
b. Prevent reuse
c. Less likely to cause person person
transmission of blood borne diseases.
2. Conventional Syringe
1.

Management of Sharps Waste

Used syringes and needles shld. Never be dumped in

open areas.
The need better manage used or contaminated sharps
is through the use of safety collector boxes.

Waste Disposal
Septic Vault
2. Pit Burial
3. Waste treatment and final disposal landfill.
1.

What is an important responsibility of the

health worker in giving safe injections?

FIRST, DO NO HARM.

Thank you for

listening!
DOH-CHD Caraga Regional Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit