AMD

LAPTOP PROCESSORS
-ANITH M THOMAS 1327011

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TIMELINE
LAPTOP PROCESSORS
ATHLON
TURION
PHENOM
SEMPRON
A SERIES
FX SERIES

INTRODUCTION
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational semiconductor
company based in Sunnyvale, California, United States,

It develops computer processors and related technologies for business and

consumer markets.
While initially it manufactured its own processors, the company became fabless
after Global Foundries was spun off in 2009.

AMD's main products include microprocessors, motherboard chipsets, embedded

processors and graphics processors for servers, workstations and personal
computers, and embedded systems applications.
AMD is the second-largest global supplier of microprocessors based on the x86
architecture and also one of the largest suppliers of graphics processing units.

AMD is the only significant rival to Intel in the central processor (CPU) market for
(x86 based) personal computers.

TIMELINE-I
IBM PC and the x86 architecture:
1.

In February 1982, AMD signed a contract with Intel, becoming a licensed secondsource manufacturer of 8086 and 8088 processors.

2.

IBM wanted to use the Intel 8088 in its IBM PC, but IBM's policy at the time was
to require at least two sources for its chips. AMD later produced the Am286 under
the same arrangement.

3.

In 1991, AMD released the Am386, its clone of the Intel 386 processor. It took less
than a year for the company to sell a million units.

4.

Later, the Am486 was used by a number of large original equipment

manufacturers, including Compaq, and proved popular. Another Am486-based
product, the Am5x86, continued AMD's success as a low-price alternative.
However, as product cycles shortened in the PC industry, the process of reverse
engineering Intel's products became an ever less viable strategy for AMD.

TIMELINE-II
AMD's first in-house x86 processor was the K5, which was launched in 1996.
The "K" was a reference to Kryptonite.
In 1996, AMD purchased NexGen, specifically for the rights to their Nx
series of x86-compatible processors. AMD gave the NexGen design team
their own building, left them alone, and gave them time and money to
rework the Nx686. The result was the K6 processor, introduced in 1997.
K7 was AMD's seventh-generation x86 processor, making its debut on June
23, 1999, under the brand name Athlon. Unlike previous AMD processors, it
could not be used on the same motherboards as Intel's, due to licensing
issues surrounding Intel's Slot 1 connector, and instead used a Slot A
connector, referenced to the Alpha processor bus.

The Duron was a lower-cost and limited version of the Athlon (64KB instead
of 256KB L2 cache) in a 462-pin socketed PGA (socket A) or soldered
directly onto the motherboard.

TIMELINE-III
Sempron was released as a lower-cost Athlon XP, replacing Duron in the
socket A PGA era. It has since been migrated upward to all new sockets, up
to AM3.
On October 9, 2001, the Athlon XP was released. On February 10, 2003, the
Athlon XP with 512KB L2 Cache was released.

The K8 was a major revision of the K7 architecture, with the most notable
features being the addition of a 64-bit extension to the x86 instruction set
(called x86-64, AMD64, or x64), the incorporation of an on-chip memory
controller, and the implementation of an extremely high performance
point-to-point interconnect called HyperTransport, as part of the Direct
Connect Architecture.
The technology was initially launched as the Opteron server-oriented
processor on April 22, 2003. Shortly thereafter it was incorporated into a
product for desktop PCs, branded Athlon 64.

TIMELINE-IV
On April 21, 2005, AMD released the first dual core Opteron, an x86-based
server CPU.
A month later, AMD released the Athlon 64 X2, the first desktop-based dual
core processor family.
In May 2007 AMD abandoned the string "64" in its dual-core desktop
product branding, becoming Athlon X2, downplaying the significance of 64bit computing in its processors. Further updates involved improvements to
the microarchitecture, and a shift of target market from mainstream
desktop systems to value dual-core desktop systems.

In 2008, AMD started to release dual-core Sempron processors exclusively

in China, branded as the Sempron 2000 series, with lower HyperTransport
speed and smaller L2 cache. Thus AMD completed its dual-core product
portfolio for each market segment.

TIMELINE-V
In September 2007 AMD released the first K10 processors nine
quad-core Third Generation Opteron processors followed in
November by the Phenom processor for desktop.
K10 processors came in dual-core, triple-core,[9] and quad-core
versions, with all cores on a single die. AMD released a new platform,
codenamed "Spider", which utilized the new Phenom processor, as
well as an R770 GPU and a 790 GX/FX chipset from the AMD 700
chipset series.

AMD released a new processor line dubbed Phenom II, a refresh of

the original Phenom built using the 45 nm process.

TIMELINE-VI
AMD released a new Phenom II hexa-core (6-core) processor
codenamed "Thuban". This was a totally new die based on the hexacore Istanbul Opteron processor. It included AMD's turbo core
technology,which allows the processor to automatically switch from
6 cores to 3 faster cores when more pure speed is needed.

ATHLON
RECOMMENDED FOR : Web Browsing, E-mail
No. of Cores: 1, 2
Features: 32-bit or 64-bit

Notes: Formerly known as just the Athlon, the Athlon Classic has not
been in production since 2005. The kind of performance is extremely
limited for today's applications and is recommended for only the
most basic of uses. Generally, a complete system upgrade from this
processor range would be advisable if your needs fall beyond web
browsing and e-mail tasks.

ATHLON PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND DIE

ATHLON AND PENTIUM III

PHENOM
RECOMMENDED FOR: Multi-tasking, HD Video, Basic Graphics
No. of Cores: 2, 3, 4
Features: (1) HyperTransport
(2) AMD PowerNow! (Cool'n'Quiet)
(3) AMD CoolCore
Notes: The AMD Phenom processor preceded the Phenom II. Though
the processor is no longer in production, it is generally considered
lower-middle range in performance; suitable for multi-tasking and
more than casual use. The Phenom was available only for desktop
platforms.

SEMPRON
RECOMMENDED FOR: Basic Productivity, E-mail, and Web
Browsing
No. of Cores: 1,2
Features: (1) HyperTransport
(2) 64-bit
NOTES: The Sempron is the AMD analogue to the Intel Celeron. It
offers very basic levels of performance and is updated every so often
so as to offer an inexpensive option capable of running recent
versions of productivity software such as Office 2010 as well as web
applications.

TURION II
RECOMMENDED FOR: Productivity, Photos, and Music
No. of Cores: 1,2
Features: (1) HyperTransport (2) 64-bit

Notes: The Turion II is a processor based from the same architecture

in the Phenom II and Athlon II. It was introduced as a competitor to
Intel's Core 2 Duo. As a result, its performance should be very suitable
for productivity software. They designed with power efficiency in
mind and is found primarily in notebook configurations

ATHLON II
RECOMMENDED FOR: Basic Multi-tasking, Productivity and Multimedia
Applications
No. of Cores: 2,3, 4
Notable Features: (1) AMD Virtualization
(2) AMD PowerNow! (Cool'n'Quiet)
(3) AMD CoolCore
NOTES: The Athlon II is a relatively recent processor taking design cues
from the Phenom II. Unlike the Athlon Classic, is still in production and far
more suited to current productivity applications such as Microsoft Office as
well as multitasking and multimedia applcations. It is found in both laptops
and desktops as a reasonably-powered, cost-effective option.

PHENOM II
RECOMMENDED FOR: Advanced Productivity, HD Video, 3D
Graphics, Photos and Music
No. of Cores: 2, 4, 6
Features: 1) HyperTransport
(2) Integrated DRAM Controller with AMD Memory Optimizer
(3) AMD Turbo CORE
(4) AMD PowerNow! (Cool'n'Quiet)
(5) AMD CoolCore!

PHENOM II
Notes: The AMD Phenom II is primarily a class of high-performance
desktop processor.In 2010, AMD claimed to be the first in the
industry to offer a consumer class six-core processor though the X6.
Mobile variants of the Phenom II were introduced as well, but not in
the six-core flavor.
Though new generations of this product line are no longer in the
works, this line of processor is still sold as a low-cost, budgetoriented option for custom system builds. The performance of this
processor is more than enough for everyday usage and productivity

A-Series (Fusion)
Recommended for: A4: Basic
All-Around Use/Productivity, Casual Gaming
A6, A8: All-Around Performance, Multimedia, Advanced 3D
Graphics
Codename: 2012 ("Trinity") and upcoming
No. of Cores: A4: 2, A6, A8: 4
Notable Features: DirectX 11 Capable Graphics

A-SERIES
NOTES:
1. The AMD A-Series (AMD Fusion) are a type of chip that merges the CPU
with a high-performance GPU (graphics processing unit) resulting in a
versatile system that is very power efficient.
2. They are available in desktops, laptops and most recently, ultrabooks.
Where the A4 APU is found in less expensive, entry level systems, the A6
and A8 are more suited for all-around use w/advanced graphics
applications (such as gaming or 3D modeling).
3. In May 2012, AMD released the next generation of Fusion A-Series
processors known as "Trinity", these processors promise much greater
graphical and general purpose performance. AMD has aligned Trinity as
an answer to Intel's Ivy Bridge

FX
Recommended For: Desktop Enthusiasts, All-Around High Performance
Last Generation Released (Codename): 2012 ("Bulldozer") and upcoming
Number of Cores: 4, 6, 8
Notable Features: 1) HyperTransport
(2) Integrated DRAM Controller with AMD Memory Optimizer
(2) AMD Turbo CORE
(3) AMD Virtualization
(4) AMD PowerNow! (Cool'n'Quiet)
Available exclusively on desktop platforms, AMD FX targets custom builders and
enthusiasts. This is a processor that far surpasses the needs of the average user.
However, given the amount of performance it provides combined with the relative
low cost, it becomes an attractive option for budget custom PC builds. The FX
along with the A-Series, represent AMD's current flagship products and later
releases within these product lines are planned.

FEATURES OF FX PROCESSOR
New Instruction Capabilities
AMD Turbo CORE Technology
AMD Balanced Smart Cache (Improved scheduling and pre-fetch
capabilities, Increased data queue sizes)

AMD Wide Floating Point Accelerator

HyperTransport Technology (Quick access times to system I/O for better
performance.)
AMD Virtualization (AMD-V) Technology with IOMMU
AMD PowerNow! AMD Technology (Cool'n'Quiet Technology)

FX PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE

THANK YOU
TEACHER INCHARGE:Prof. Mahendra Vucha