Ethernet Advanced

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Chapter Objectives

Explain 10Base-T network

Explain 10Base-FL
Explain the 5-4-3 rule
Identify different types of High Speed Ethernet
standards

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Recall

IEEE 802 standard is used for networking

802.3 defines physical layer and datalink layer
standard that uses wired connection
10Base-5, 10Base-2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F are
the types of Ethernet cabling system
Hubs, bridges and routers are used to extend
network

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Introduction to Advanced Ethernet

Ethernet is most widely used network technology

Introduced by IEEE 802.3
Ethernet systems are 10Base-T and 10Base-FL
High speed Ethernet includes

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100Base Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
Switched Ethernet
Full Duplex Ethernet

Features of Advanced Ethernet

Advanced Ethernet would use a physical star to

match the robustness of Token ring
It would not use more expensive coaxial cables and
adopt inexpensive UTP cabling
It would use the same frame types and speeds of
the older Ethernets so that new Ethernets will be
compatible with older ones

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10BASE-T - I

Ethernet standard known as twisted pair Ethernet

Uses a star bus topology
Stations are connected to a hub using pairs of
twisted cables
Features:

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Failure of one system does not affect entire network

Easy troubleshooting
Addition and removal of device does not affect
network

10BASE-T Topology

It uses a physical star topology in which each node

connects to a central hub
The hub is a multiport repeater. It receives the signal
from one port, regenerates it and passes the signal to all
the other ports

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Meaning of 10BASE-T

10 refer to 10 Mbps transmission speed, Base is for

baseband signaling and T stands for twisted pair
cable

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10Base T Specifications and Limitations

Specifications include:

Fault Tolerant
Easy Troubleshooting
Easy Moves and Changes

Limitations include:

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Distance
Sensitive to noise
Number of computers connected

10BASE-FL

Ethernet standard that operates over fiber optic cable and

covers a distance up to 2 k.m.
Multimode fiber and Straight Tip (ST) connector are used
to build 10Base-FL segment
10Base FL
components

Network Medium

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Medium Attachment
Unit (MAU)

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5-4-3 Rule - I

Developed to limit the size of an Ethernet collision

domain.
Implemented by Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) for number
of repeaters and segments on shared access
The rule states that: Any two nodes in the network
should not be separated by more than 5 segments,
4 repeaters and 3 populated segments

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5-4-3 Rule - II

Categories of physical segments:

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User segments used to connect the systems in the

network. These segments are also known as
populated segments.
Link segments used to connect repeaters in the
network. These segments are also known as
unpopulated segments.

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Network using 5-4-3 rule

5 Specifies that maximum 5 segments can be used in

the network
4 Specifies the number of repeaters/concentrators
used to connect the network segments
3 Specifies the number of populated segments

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High Speed Ethernet

Developed to increase connectivity speed between

the terminals or computers in a network.

Ethernet
Standards

Fast Ethernet
(100Base Ethernet)

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Gigabit Ethernet

10-Gigabit Ethernet

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100Base Ethernet

Supports data transfer rate up to 100 Mbps

Also called as Fast Ethernet
Makes use of CAT 5 cable and fiber cable

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Advantages and Disadvantages

Advantages
Speed Ten times faster than regular 10Base-T
network
Throughput Faster for video, multimedia,
graphics, Internet surfing and other applications that
require high speed
Disadvantages
Mode of data transfer 100Base-T4 Ethernet
cannot support full duplex mode of data transfer
Wiring 100Base-T4 requires four pair of wiring for
data transfer

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Gigabit Ethernet

Supports data transfer rate up to 1000 Mbit/s

Also called as 1000BASE-T Ethernet

Gigabit
Ethernet
Standards

1000Base-SX

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1000Base-LX

1000Base-CX

1000Base-T

1000Base-TX

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10-Gigabit Ethernet - I

Was developed by IEEE 802.3ae in 2002.

Supports data transfer rate that is ten times faster
than Gigabit ethernet
Compatible with Synchronous Optical Network
(SONET)
Supports segment length up to 40 Kms
Uses Media Access Control (MAC) protocol
Uses full-duplex mode of transmission and mostly run
on fiber

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10-Gigabit Ethernet - II

Standards included:
10GBASE-CX4
10GBASE-T
10GBASE-SR (Short Range)
10GBASE-LRM (Long Reach Multimode)
10GBASE-LR (Long Range)
10GBASE-ER (Extended Range)
10GBASE-LX4

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Switched Ethernet

Employs a switch instead of a repeater or an

Ethernet hub to connect individual hosts or
segments
Uses three types of switching:

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Cut-through
Store and forward
Fragment-free

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Basic Structure of Switched Ethernet

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Full-Duplex Ethernet

Devices at both ends can send and receive data at

the same time
Provides twice the bandwidth of normal (half duplex)
Ethernet
Each pairs of wires acts as a separate channel and
allows the devices at each end to communicate with
one another in full duplex mode

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Case Study
The MoneyMaker bank has recently upgraded its
Ethernet network from 10Base-T to 100Base-T
network. It has also changed its cabling from CAT5
to CAT6 straight through cables and 10 Mbps NIC
cards are replaced with 10/100 Mbps for future
compatibility. After upgradation, some computers in
the accounts department of the bank are facing the
slower connectivity problems.

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Problem

Identifying problem related to cabling and crimping of

RJ-45 jack for new CAT6 cables.

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Suggested Solution

Check the crimping of RJ-45 connector and configure

the NIC to operate in 100 Base full duplex mode.

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Summary - I

The Standard Ethernet implementations are

10Base-T and 10Base-F
10Base-T is also known as twisted pair Ethernet and
uses UTP cables
10Base-T uses star topology and hub is used as
networking device
10Base-FL is a version of 10Base-F that uses fiber
optic link instead of twisted pair cable

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Summary - II

IEEE 802.3 implements 5-4-3 rule to limit the size of

an Ethernet collision domain
High speed Ethernet was developed to increase the
connectivity speed between computers in a network
The various high speed Ethernet standards are Fast
Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and 10Gigabit Ethernet
100Base-T is also referred as Fast Ethernet that
supports data transfer rate up to 100Mbps

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Summary - II

Gigabit Ethernet supports data transfer rate up to

1000Mbps
10Gigabit Ethernet supports data transfer rate up to
10 times that of Gigabit Ethernet
Switched Ethernet implements of three types of
switching Cut-through switches, Store and forward
switches and fragment free switches
A Full Duplex Ethernet provides twice the bandwidth
of normal (half duplex) Ethernet

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