INDOOR MILLIMETER WAVE MIMO

FEASIBILITY &
PERFORMANCE

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CONTENTS:
Introduction.
Literature survey.
Fundamental limits of LOS MIMO.
1.LOS MIMO Channel Model.
2.Optimally Spaced Arrays.
3.Spatial Degrees of Freedom.

LOS MM-wave MIMO Architecture.

1.Waterfilling Benchmark.

Indoor Propagation Model.

Results.
Conclusion.

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INTRODUCTION:
Spatial multiplexing at millimeter wave frequencies for short-range
indoor applications.
For linear arrays with constraint formfactor , an asymptotic analysis
based on the properties on prolate spheroidal wave functions

shows that a sparse array producing a spatially uncorrelated

channel matrix provides maximum number of spatial degrees of
freedom.

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INTRODUCTION:
This motivates our proposed mm-wave MIMO architecture , which
utilizes array of sub arrays to provide both directivity and spatial
multiplexing gains.

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LITERATURE SURVEY
Spatial multiplexing has drawn considerable attention.
Designing multigigabit wireless link using spatial multiplexing.
In order to increase mm-wave data rates further by employing
MIMO spatial processing techniques.

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FUNDAMENTAL LIMITS OF LOS MIMO

In this section ,we derive limits on the number of spatial degrees of
freedom of a LOS MIMO channel given array length constraints.
Form factors of typical consumer electronics devices are sufficient
to allow multiple degrees of freedom.
1.LOS MIMO CHANNEL MODEL
2.OPTIMALLY SPACED ARRAYS
3.SPATIAL DEGREE OF FREEDOM

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LOS MIMO CHANNEL MODEL:

Consider a flat fading MIMO channel , with received signal vector
y 1 is give by
y=Hx+w

-------> 1

where x is transmitted signal vector ,

H is a channel matrix and
w is AWGN with covariance .

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 Complex channel gain is given by

, =

4,

2.,
(
)

----------> 2

where is carrier wavelength

, is path length from nth transmit antenna to mth
receive antenna.

Lets assume arrays are uniformly spaced and aligned broadside

---------->3
where R is Link range
antennaa

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LOS MIMO CHANNEL MODEL

When R> array length , path length is approximated by
, =

+( )2
2

----------->4

The channel gain is given by

, =

2
exp(j (R
4

( )2
))
2

------>5

High rank LOS MIMO channel is produced if spacing between

adjacent elements is chosen appropriately

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OPTIMALLY SPACED ARRAYS

The goal in this section is to determine the optimal spacing between
elements.

In the moderate to high SNR regime , the Shannon capacity of an

NxN MIMO channel is maximized, when N singular values of Channel
matrix are equal.
This is achieved when the columns of H are orthogonal.

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OPTIMALLY SPACED ARRAYS

Denoting the ith column of H by ,the inner product between the
kth and ith column is given by

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OPTIMALLY SPACED ARRAYS

The inner product is made zero when the following condition is
satisfied.

-----------> 6

This condition is for linear arrays.

Now ,if the lengths of the transmit and receive arrays are
constrained and N is arbitrary , we can determine the maximum
number of antennas preserving orthogonality condition.

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OPTIMALLY SPACED ARRAYS

Now, let the length of ULA is given by L=d(N-1), maximum number of
antennas is given by

---------->7
maximum transmit array length
maximum receiver array length
[a] largest integer less than or equal to a.

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SPATIAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM

For larger values of N, what will be the effect of spatial degrees of
freedom ?
For example, let us consider two LOS MIMO wireless links.

Fig 1. Squared singular values of H for N=8(optimally spaced)

and N=32 assuming fc=60Ghz,R=5m and Lt and Lr =39.1cm

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SPATIAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM

As N-->infinity, the add elements drop to zero.
On solving asset of equations, we get
---------> 8

where

W=
2

Integral equation 8 denotes a set of prolate spheroidal wave

functions(PSWFs).

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SPATIAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Property of PSWF is that their eigen values remain approximately
equal to one until n nears a critical value i.e

S=2W =

We conclude that Spatial degrees of freedom of Continuous array

link is limited approx. to
=

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LOS MM-WAVE MIMO ARCHITECTURE

Proposed architecture is based on optimal spacing condition given.

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WATERFILLING BENCHMARK
Performance benchmark is a standard waterfilling based eigenmode
transmission.

The SVD of the channel matrix is given by

---------->9
where U & V are unitary matrices
is a diagonal matrix with non zero entries.

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WATERFILLING BENCHMARK

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INDOOR PROPAGATION MODEL

An indoor propagation model that allows to assess the impact of
multipath propagation, link range variations and LOS blockage.
Indoor propagation model is based on method of geometric optics.
The channel matrix H is given by

LOS
component

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First order
reflections path

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Second order
reflection paths

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INDOOR PROPAGATION MODEL

The (m , n)th entry of is given by

The (m,n)th entry of 1, is given by

where
is length of path from nth TX to point of
reflection to the mth RX antenna
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INDOOR PROPAGATION MODEL

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INDOOR PROPAGATION MODEL

Similarly the (m,n)th entry of 2, is given by

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RESULT
We evaluate the spectral efficiency achieved by mm-wave MIMO
architecture proposed using indoor propagation model.

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RESULT

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CONCLUSION
Thus spatial multiplexing gains can be achieved

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