Topologies

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

Connectivity
Communication is a transfer information
from one place to another place.
There are two type of signal:
Base band : Single time single data.
Broadband : Single time multi data

Chapter 2

Introducing Topologies

Topology Provide the different configuration that are

use to create a network. Network is a collection of
computer connected with each other.
Physical topologies are

Chapter 2

Single Node
Bus
Star
Ring
Mesh
Tree
Hybrid
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Single Node Topology - I

Single device, at times device called dumb terminal

is connected to the server
Devices operates on files from server and returns
them back after completing task

Chapter 2

Single Node Topology - II

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Easy to install,
configure and manage

Network consists of
single device

Least expensive

Dumb terminal is
dependent on server

Single cable is required

Chapter 2

Bus topology - I

All devices are connected to a common cable called

trunk or back bone cable
Maximum segment length of cable is 200 m
Maximum of 30 devices per segment

Chapter 2

Bus topology - II

Server is at one end and devices are at different

positions
50 ohm terminator is used
Devices are not responsible for data transmission
Number of collisions are more

Chapter 2

Bus topology - III

Advantages:

Installation of devices
is easy

Requires less cable

compared to star
topology

Chapter 2

Less expensive and

works better for smaller
networks

Disadvantages:

If backbone breaks,
entire network gets
down

Difficult to isolate
problems

Limited number of
devices

Star Topology - I

Each device is connected to a central device called

hub or switch through cable
Data passes through hub before reaching
destination

Chapter 2

Star Topology - II

Advantages:

Easy to install,
configure, manage and
expand

Centralized
management

Addition or removal of
device does not affect
the whole network

Chapter 2

Disadvantages:

Requires more cable

Failure of hub affects

entire network
More Expensive

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Ring Topology - I

Devices are connected

in a closed loop
All devices have equal
access to media
Device waits for its turn
to transmit
Most common type is
Token Ring

Chapter 2

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Ring Topology - II

Advantages:

Data travels at greater

speed

No collisions

Handles large volume

of traffic

Chapter 2

Disadvantages:

More cabling is
required compared to
bus

One faulty device

affects the entire
network

Addition of devices
affect network
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Dual Ring Topology

Consists of two
independent primary
and secondary rings

Secondary ring is
redundant, used only
when primary stops
functioning

Chapter 2

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Mesh Topology - I

Chapter 2

Used in WANs to
interconnect LANs
Every device is
connected to every
other device
Use routers to
determine the best path
of communication

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Mesh Topology - III

Advantages:

Improves fault
tolerance

Failure of one link

does not affect entire
network

Chapter 2

Centralized
management is not
required

Disadvantages:

Difficult to install and

manage

Each link from one

device to other
requires individual NIC

Very much expensive

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Tree Topology - I

Chapter 2

Connects groups of star

networks
Devices are wired to
root hub
Root hub is connected
to second level devices

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Tree Topology - II

Advantages:

Chapter 2

Easy to add new

devices
Point-to-point wiring for
each device
Fault detection is easy

Disadvantages:

Difficult to configure
If backbone breaks,
entire network goes
down
More expensive

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Hybrid Topology - I

Combines two or more different physical topologies

Commonly Star-Bus or Star-Ring
Star-Ring uses Multistation Access Unit (MAU)

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Hybrid Topology - II

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Used for creating

larger networks

Installation and
configuration is difficult

Handles large volume

of traffic

More expensive than

other topologies

Fault detection is easy

More cabling is
required

Chapter 2

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