NON METALLIC

MATERIALS
CONTENT
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

TYPES OF MATERIALS
SELECTION OF MATERIALS
DEFINITION OF NON METALLIC MATERIALS
VARIOUS TYPES NON METALLIC MATERIALS
AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION

TYPES OF MATERIALS

SELECTION OF MATERIALS
FACTORS WHICH ARE CONSIDERED WHILE

SELECTING A MATERIAL FOR MACHINE

ELEMENTS:-

Commercial factors such as:

Cost, availability, ease of manufacture.

Engineering properties of
materials such as:
Strength, toughness, ease of forming by
extrusion, forging and casting,
machinability and corrosion
resistance,hardness,ductility etc.

WHAT IS NON METALLIC MATERIAL?

Nonmetallic Materials
Materials that do not have the properties of, or do not

contain, metal and that are able to combine with

hydrogen to form stable compounds, acids, acidic
oxides, and anions.

CLASSIFICATION OF NON
METALLIC MATERIAL
NON METALLIC
MATERIAL

SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS

NATURAL
MATERIALS

SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
They are manufactured from natural substances such

as oil, coal and clay.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SYNTHETIC
MATERIALS
Good corrosion resistance
Ease of manufacture by moulding
Low cost

They are durable

They are highly inflammable
Light in weight
They are affordable

SOME SYNTHETIC MATERIALS FOR

MACHINE ELEMENTS
PLASTIC:-

Thermoplastics- soften when heated and harden

when cooled.
2. Thermosetting-permanently hardened when cooled
and can not be softened by reheating.
ADVANTAGES Light in weight
Good resistance to shock and vibrations
Resistance to friction, wear and corrosion
Ease of fabrication into complex shapes.
1.

IMPORTANT VARIETIES
OF PLASTICS
1.

NYLON-self lubricating bearings,cams,valve seats

and silent running gears.

2. LOW DENSITY POLYTHENE-gaskets,washers and

pipes.
3. ACETAL-self lubricating bearings,cams and silent

running gears

4. POLYURETHANE(DUTHANE,TEXIN)-

bearings,gears,gaskets and seals.

5. POLYTETRAFLOUROETHYLENE(TEFLON)-piston

rings,bearings,gaskets and bellows.

COMPOSITES
These are materials made up from, or composed of, a

combination of different materials to take overall

advantage of their different properties.
e.g. reinforcement of air-dried bricks by mixing
the clay with straw ,this helped to reduce
cracking.
Carbon fibre is used in aerospace, automotive

and civil engineering, sports goods

COMPOSITE

THS IS A
GLASS
FIBRE

NATURAL MATERIALS

MOSTLY USED NATURAL MATERIAL

RUBBER1.

2.
I.
II.
III.
IV.

NATURAL RUBBER-belts ,bushes ,flexibal tubes

,vibration mounts ,production of coatings ,protective
films.
SYNTHETIC RUBBERChloroprene-conveyer, v belts,gaskets.
Nitrile butadiene-bushes for flexible coupling.
Polysulfide-gaskets,washers and diaphragms.
Silicone-seals, gaskets,o-rings.

RUBBER

IT IS A
RUBBER
BELT