NATURE OF GROUP

PROCESS AND
GROUP DYNAMICS

Rhances O. Esporlas
IV-25 BSE VE

TERMINOLOGIES

Group
Process
Dynamics
Techniques
Strategies
Group Process
Group Dynamics

Group
:a number of people or
who are connected by
some shared activity,
interest, or quality

Process
:a series of action that
produce something or
that lead to a particular
result

Dynamics
:a pattern or process of
change, growth, or activity

Techniques
:a way of doing something
by using special knowledge
or skills

Strategies
:the skill of making or
carrying out plans to
achieve a goal

Security

SelfEsteem

Power

Status

What
Makes
People
Join
Groups?

Affiliation

Goal
Achievement

TYPE OF GROUPS
Formal groups: refers to those which are established under the legal or formal
authority with the view to achieve a particular end results. E.g.: trade unions.
Informal groups: refers to aggregate of personal contact and interaction and network
of relationship among individual. E.g.: friendship group.
Primary groups: are characterized by small size, face to face interaction and
intimacy among members of group. E.g.: family, neighborhood group.
Secondary groups: characterized by large size, individual identification with the
values and beliefs prevailing in them rather than cultural interaction. E.g.:
occupational association and ethnic group.
Task groups: are composed of people who work together to perform a task but
involve cross-command relationship. E.g.: for finding out who was responsible for
causing wrong medication order would require liaison between ward in charge, senior
sister and head nurse.

TYPE OF GROUPS
Social groups: refers to integrated system of interrelated psychological
group formed to accomplish defined objectives. E.g.: political party with
its many local political clubs. friendship group.

Reference groups: one in which they would like to belong.

Membership groups: those where the individual actually belongs.
Command groups: formed by subordinates reporting directly to the
particular manager are determined by formal organizational chart.
Functional groups: the individuals work together daily on similar tasks.
Problem solving groups: it focuses on specific issues in their areas of
responsibility, develops potential solution and often empowered to take
action

GROUP
PROCESS

GROUP PROCESS
It is a continuous, ongoing movement of the group
toward achievement of its goals.
It represents the flow of the group from its starting point
to its termination.
Refers to the attitudes and interaction of members and
leaders.

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF
GROUP PROCESS

1800s:
Groups were formed for functional and pragmatic reasons
Large in number
Primary emphasis on information, instruction and/or correction of behaviors
Immigrants and the poor receive special attention
Social workers and Physicians use group structure to increase awareness of self

Mid 1800s
Moral therapy showed how therapeutic groups could be structured and tailored to
meet their individual needs
Hull House
focuses on promoting reciprocal relationships and increasing individual
self determination and self-respect.
Overall the development of groups in 1800s was a dynamic movement which included
contributions from psychology, sociology, philosophy and education.
Group movement developed due to the need for social reform and education.

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS

1900s:
Joseph Hersey Pratt
organized the first formal group experience, wrote about the dynamics that occur
within group settings and served as model for other leaders exploring processes
within their groups. He recognized the therapeutic power of groups.
1907: Jesse B. Davis
stressed the functionality of a group as an environment in which to learn life skills
and values.
1908:
After the death of Frank Parsons, counselors in many guidance settings and
other such
agencies used groups as a way of dispensing information and providing educatio
nal and vocational guidance

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS

1910-1919
World War I:
Psychological groups tests (e.g. Alpha and Beta intelligence tests) wer
e developed and administered.
Groups were used in a limited way to treat combat fatigued soldiers.
Emphasis on teamwork.
During this decade there was growth in select schools and
organizations on group guidance and psycho educational approaches
to learning in groups.

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP

PROCESS

World War I:
Psychological groups tests (e.g. Alpha and Beta intelligence tests) weredeveloped
and administered.

Groups were used in a limited way to treat combat fatigued soldiers.

Emphasis on teamwork.
During this decade there was growth in select schools and organizations on group
guidance and psych educational approaches to learning in groups.
Europe: J.L. Moreno
published a philosophical paper on group methods under the name J.M. Levy. He had a major
impact on the development of group theory and practice in U.S. and
Europe. His writings stressed the psychoanalytic and social psychological perspectives of individuals
working together.
1920 -1929
Group guidance and counseling efforts were initiated in a new from.

HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GROUP PROCESS

GROUP DYNAMICS

GROUP DYNAMICS
A branch of social psychology which studies problems
involving the structure of a group.
The interactions that influence the attitudes and behavior
of people when they are grouped with others through
either choice or accidental circumstances.
A field of social psychology concerned with the nature of
human groups, their development, and their interactions
with individuals, other groups, and larger organizations.

OBJECTIVES OF GROUP
DYNAMICS
To identify and analyze the social processes that
impact on group development and performance.

To acquire the skills necessary to intervene and

improve individual and group performance in an
organizational context.
To build more successful organizations by applying
techniques that provide positive impact on goal
achievement.

STAGES OF GROUP
DEVELOPMENT
BRUCE W TUCKMAN is a respected
educational psychologist who first
described the four stages of group
development in 1965. The four-stage
model is called as Tuckman's Stages for
a group. Tuckman's model states that the
ideal group decision-making process
should occur in five stages:

Never doubt that a small group of

thoughtful citizens can change the
world. Indeed, it is the only thing that
ever has.
-Margaret Mead