ON

BHEL (HARIDWAR)
Presented By :

Amit Gaur
ECE-Final year
Roll no-04

BHEL is a power plant equipment manufacturer.

Established in 1964.
Its headquarter is situated in New Delhi, India.
B.Prasada Rao is chairman and M.D. of BHEL.
Different products of BHEL are as follows:Gas and Steam Turbine
Boilers
Heat Exchangers
Switchgears
Automation and Control Systems

1. What

are NC & CNC?

2. History
3. CNC

system Elements

4. Types
5. CNC

of CNC machines

applications

6. Advantages&

7. Conclusion

Disadvantages

Numerical control (NC)

is a method of
automatically operating a manufacturing machine based
on a code letters, numbers and special characters.

A computer numerical control (CNC) is a

microprocessor-based system to store and process the
data for the control of slide motions and auxiliary
functions of the machine tools.
The CNC system is the heart and brain of a CNC
machine which enables the operation of various
machine members such as slides, spindles, etc. as per
the sequence programmed into it, depending on the
machining operations.
The program is translated into the appropriate electrical
signals for input to motors that run the machine.

Numerical control for machine tools were

introduced in 1950s by Prof.John T Parsons.
The first NC machine was built at the
Massachusetts institute of Technology in
1953 by joint efforts of US Air Force, the MIT
and Parsons cooperation.
In 1955, after refinements NC became
available in industry.
Today, modern machinery are CNC milling
machines and lathes.

CNC system Elements

A typical CNC system
consists of the following
six elements

Part program
Program input device
Machine control unit
Drive system
Machine tool
Feedback system

 Part programming contains geometric data about the

part and motion information to move the cutting tool
with respect to the work piece.
Basically, the machine receives instructions as a
sequence of blocks containing commands to set
machine parameters; speed, feed and other relevant
information.
A block is equivalent to a line of codes in a part
program.
N135

Block Number

G01

G-Code

X1.0

Y1.0

Coordinates

Z.0125

T01

Tool Number

F5.0

Special Function

Floppy Disk Drive

Floppy disk is a small magnetic storage
device for CNC data input.
USB Flash Drive
A USB flash drive is a removable and
rewritable portable hard drive with compact
size and bigger storage size than a floppy
disk.

The machine control unit is the heart of the CNC

system. There are two sub-units in the machine
control unit: the Data Processing Unit (DPU) and the
Control Loop Unit (CLU).

Data Processing Unit

On receiving a part programme, the DPU firstly

interprets and encodes the part programme into
internal machine codes.

Control Loop Unit

The data from the DPU are converted into electrical

signals in the CLU to control the driving system to
perform the required motions

The accuracy and repeatability of the CNC machine

depend very much on the characteristics and
performance of the driving system.
This system usually uses electric motors.
Three types of electrical motors are commonly
used:
1. DC Servo Motor
2. Ac servo motor
3. Stepping motor

MACHINE TOOL

In order to have a CNC machine operating accurately, the

positional values and speed of the axes need to be

constantly updated.

Two types of feedback devices are normally used:

1.

Positional feedback device

2. Velocity feedback device.

CNC Mills- These machining centers use

computer controls to cut different materials.

CNC Lathes- They cut metal that is often turning
at fast speeds.
CNC Grinders- Grinding metal process uses a
coated wheel that slowly removes metal to create a
part.
CNC Drilling- The drilling machine is used to
create or enlarge holes.

CNC Boring- Process of enlarging an existing

hole or internal cylindrical surface.

Laser Cutting machines- The machine utilizes
an intense beam of focused laser light to cut the
part.

CNC MILLS

CNC LATHES

CNC GRINDERS

CNC DRILLING

CNC BORING

CNC LASER CUTTING

Cutting
Milling
Boring
Drilling
Welding
Bending
Spinning
Routing

Automotive Industry
Aerospace Industry
Machinery Industry
Electrical Industry
Instrumentation Industry

Ease Of Use

CNC machines are easier for beginners.

Operation of several CNC machines at same time is

possible.

Some CNC machines dont need any operator.

They call their operator in case of the emergencies only.

High Efficiency

Operate almost continuously 24 hours a day.

Expanding options

Expand the machine's capabilities with Software changes and

updates.

Cost
CNC machinery costs quite a lot more than
conventional machinery .
Does not eliminate the need for expensive tools .
Expensive to repair.

CNC machines are applicable for any type of

processing.
Manufacturing anything is identical in shorter
time.
CNC machines provide many advantages.
Many industries prefer using CNC machines.