IBM Global Services

Data Modeling

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Objectives
The participants will be able to :
Explain Data Modeling
Know uses of Data Modeling
Describe the Basic Components of a Data Model
Know Data Modeler/ABAP Dictionary Terminology
Know about Optionality and Cardinality
Use SAP Graphic Notation and SAP Text Notation
Explain Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM
Link a data model to dictionary objects

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

What is Data Modeling?

Real World

Data Model
3

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Data Dictionary
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IBM Global Services

Uses of a Data Model

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Basic Components of a Data Model

Customer

Entity

Attribute
30 S. 17th St.
Order
Entity Type

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Entity

Customer

Product

Order

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Attribute

30 S. 17th St.

Customer

J. Elkins

215-555-8000

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Entity Type
Customer

Product

Order

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

March-2005

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Data Modeler / ABAP Dictionary Terminology

Data Modeler

ABAP Dictionary

Customer:

entity

record

Customer address:

attribute

field

Customers:

entity type

table

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Relationships between Entities

Customer

Order

10

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

March-2005

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IBM Global Services

Cardinality

One - to - Many

One - to - One

Many - to - Many
11

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Many-to-Many Relationships

Order

Order Lines
Order # Qty Part #
1
1
A26
1

Primary Key: Order Number

C589

2
1
A26
Primary Keys: Order Number
Product Number

Primary Key: Product Number

12

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

March-2005

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Optionality

Customer

Order

Customer

13

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Referenced and Dependent Entity Types

Referenced Entity Type

Dependent Entity Type

Customer
Customer ID

Name

Address

...

Referenced

Date of Order

Customer ID

...

Dependent

Order
Order ID
14

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

SAP Graphic Notation

15

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March-2005

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Example Using Graphic Notation

Customers

16

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Orders

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2005 IBM Corporation

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Practice Using Graphic Notation I

Professors

Students

17

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Practice Using Graphic Notation II

Professors

Students

18

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Practice Using Graphic Notation III

Enrolment
Records

Students

Courses

19

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

SAP Graphic Notation with Text Notation

CN
20

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

SAP Text Notation

n : m
1

N
CN
21

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Example Using Text Notation

Customers

Orders

1
22

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CN
March-2005

2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Practice Using Text Notation I

Professors

Students

:
23

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Practice Using Text Notation II

Professors

Students

:
24

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Practice Using Text Notation III

Enrolment
Records

Students

Courses

:
25

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Category
?

Hierarchical

Conditional-Referential

Referential

Specialisation

Aggregating
26

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IBM Global Services

Relationship Category: Hierarchical

Course

Department
Key:
Department Number

27

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Key:
Department Number
Course Number

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Relationship Category: Aggregating

Student
Key:
Student ID Number

Enrollment Record

Course

Key:
Student ID Number
Course Number

Key:
Course Number

28

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Relationship Category: Referential

Professor
Key:
Professor Number

Department
Key:
Department Number

29

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Relationship Category: Conditional-Referential

Professor
Key:
Professor Number

Department
Key:
Department Number

30

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Relationship Category: Specialization

Customer
Key:
ID Number

Business Customer
Key:
ID Number

31

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM

FI

General
Accounting

Chart of
Accounts

32

. . .

.
.
.

.
.
.

Currency

Data Modeling | 2.15.02

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Linking a Data Model to ABAP Dictionary Objects

Data Model

33

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Summary
A data model is a graphical representation of the information that is to be stored
and processed by a system.
SAP comes with its own data model, called the Enterprise Data Model (EDM),
that describes the data design of the SAP system.
The basic components of a data model are Entities, Attributes & Entity types.
The cardinality of a relationship describes the number of entities of one type that
relate to entities of other types.
The optionality of a relationship describes whether or not entities of one type must
refer to entities of another type.
Data models in SAP can be organised hierarchically.

The SAP Data Modeler is integrated with the ABAP Dictionary.

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Data Modeling | 2.15.02

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2005 IBM Corporation

IBM Global Services

Questions
What is a data model ?

What is SAP's data model called ?

What are the basic components of a data model ?

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Data Modeling | 2.15.02

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2005 IBM Corporation