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PLASTIC

INTRODUCTION
The term plastics includes materials composed of various elements such
as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and sulphur.
Plastics are macromolecules, formed by polymerization and having the
ability to be shaped by the application of reasonable amount of heat and
pressure or any other form of forces.
It is one of the few new chemical materials which pose environmental
problem.
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene is largely used in the
manufacturing of plastics.

Background
Rapid population growth, urbanization and industrial growth have led to
severe problem of waste generation in N.Paravoor
The characteristics of waste depends on various factors such as food
habits, traditions, lifestyle, climate of the people in N.Paravoor
Huge e-waste collection centers functioning near North Paravoor are
posing health hazards, allege local residents.
There are three small and big waste collection centers, which
unscientifically handle the garbage, in Chittattukara and Karumalloor
panchayat areas.

 North Paravoor has a private agency buying all the plastic

waste at the cost of Rs 1 per kg
Now, nobody is collecting the waste from households and as a
result, open dumping is taking place where residents throw all
their garbage on the streets

Plastic Waste Management For N.Parvoor

Disposal of plastic waste is a serious concern in India. New
technologies have been developed to minimize their adverse
effect on the environment.

Figure 1: Co-processing of plastic waste plastic Waste Management

Conventional Technology for

Plastic Waste Management
Recycling of plastics through environmentally sound
manner
Plastics recycling technologies have been historically divided into four
general types- primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

Steps Involved in the Recycling Process:

Selection: The recyclers/reprocessors have to select the waste /scrap
which are suitable for recycling/ reprocessing.
Segregation: The plastics waste shall be segregated as per the codes
mentioned in the BiS guidelines.
Processing: After selection and segregation of the preconsumer waste
(factory waste) shall be directly recycled. The post consumer waste (used
plastic waste) shall be washed, shredded, agglomerated, extruded and
granulated.

Collection , Transportation and Recycling of

Dry Waste
(PET Bottles, Tin, Plastics, Glass Bottles, Rubber,
Cartons, Paper, Polythene Films)

RECYCLING

House to House

CENTRE

Landlling
Landll is the conventional approach to waste management, but
space for landlls is becoming scarce in some countries.
A well-managed landll site results in limited immediate
environmental harm beyond the impacts of collection and
transport, although there are long-term risks of contamination of
soils and groundwater by some additives and breakdown by
products in plastics, which can become persistent organic
pollutants.
A major drawback to landlls from a sustainability aspect is that
none of the material resources used to produce the plastic is
recovered.

Incineration
Incineration reduces the need for landll of plastics waste,
however, there are concerns that hazardous substances may be
released into the atmosphere in the process.
Incineration can be used with recovery of some of the energy
content in the plastic.
The useful energy recovered can vary considerably depending on
whether it is used for electricity generation, combined heat and
power, or as solid refuse fuel for co-fuelling of blast furnaces or
cement kilns.

New Technology for Plastic Waste

management
Polymer Blended Bitumen Road
A brief description of the technique used in laying road using
plastic waste is given in figure.

 Co-processing of Plastic waste in Cement Kiln

Co-processing of plastic waste as Alternative Fuel and Raw
Material (AFR).
Co-processing indicate substitution of primary fuel and raw material by
waste.
Waste material such as plastic waste used for co-processing are referred
to as alternative fuels and raw material (AFR).
One of the advantage of recovery method used in existing facility is
eliminating the need to invest on other plastic waste practices and to
secure land filling.

 Plasma Pyrolysis Technology (PPT)

Pyrolysis is the thermal disintegration of carbonaceous material
in oxygen-starved atmosphere.
The intense and versatile heat generation capabilities of Plasma
Pyrolysis technology enable it to dispose of all types of plastic
waste including polymeric, biomedical and hazardous waste in a
safe and reliable manner.

When optimized, the most likely compounds formed are

methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen carbon dioxide and water
molecules.

 Conversion of Plastics Waste into liquid fuel

The entire process is undertaken in closed reactor vessel
followed by condensation, if required.
Waste plastics while heating upto 2700 to 3000 C convert into
liquid-vapour state, which is collected in condensation chamber
in the form of liquid fuel.
The tarry liquid waste is topped-down from the heating reactor
vessel.
The organic gas is generated which can be used in dual fuel
diesel generator set for generation of electricity.

Figure 2: Schematic flow diagram of process.

CONCLUSION
Plastic Waste Management has assumed great significance in
view of the urbanisation activities.
Various strategies are being devised to mitigate the impact of
plastic waste in India.
Some significant challenges still exist from both technological
factors and from economic or social behaviour issues relating to
the collection of recyclable wastes, and substitution for virgin
material.