Petroleum Engineering 406

Lesson 20
Directional Drilling
(continued)
1

Lesson 17
- Directional Drilling contd
Tool-Face Angle
Ouija Board
Dogleg Severity
Reverse Torque of Mud Motor
Examples
2

Homework:
READ:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Chapter 8
(to page 375)

Solution

Tool Face (g)

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

4

Over one drilled interval (bit run)

GIVEN:
a = 16

Solution

Tool Face (g)

De = 12
o
aN = 12

De = 12o
o

Initial Inclination = 16

g=?
o
b=?
o

Fig. 8. 30: Graphical Ouija Analysis.

5

Fig. 8.33

aN

De

Basis of chart
construction is a
trigonometric
relationship
illustrated by two
intersecting
planes
b = dogleg angle
6

Problem 1
Determine the new direction (eN) for a
whipstock set at 705 m with a tool-face
setting of 450 degrees right of high side
for a course length of 10 m.
The inclination is 70 and the direction is
N15W. The curve of the whipstock will
cause a total angle change of 30/30 m.
7

Problem 1
a=7
o
e = 345
o

(inclination)
(azimuth)
g = 45

g = 45
(tool face angle)
L = 10 m
(course length)
o
d = 3 / 30 m
(dogleg severity)
o

eN = ?

o
8

Solution to Problem 1, part 1

I. Use Equation 8.43 to calculate b .
The dogleg severity,

b
d (i)
L

d L 3 * 10 m
o
b

1
i
30 m
9

Solution to Problem 1, part 2

2. Use Equation 8.42 to calculate the
direction change.

De arc tan

tan b sin g

sin a + tan b cos a cos g

De tan

tan 1 sin 45

-1

sin 7 + tan 1 cos 7 cos 45

De tan

-1

0.092027 5.3

New direction =3450 +5.30 = 350.30 = N9.7W

10

Problem 2
Determine where to set the tool face angle, g
for a jetting bit to go from a direction of 100
to 300 and from an inclination of 30 to 50.
Also calculate the dogleg severity, assuming
that the trajectory change takes 60 ft.

a=3
aN 5
e = 10

Find

g and d

e N 30

L 60 ft
11

Solution to Problem 2, part 1

1. Find b using Equation 8.53
b cos -1cos De sin aN sin a + cos aN cos a
-1

cos cos 20 sin 5 sin 3 + cos 5 cos 3

o

cos -1 0.999116 2.4097o

12

Solution to Problem 2, part 2

2. Now calculate g from equation 8.48.
g cos
g cos

-1

-1

cos a cos b - cos aN

sin a sin b

cos 3o cos 2.4097o - cos 5o

o
o
sin 3 sin 2.4097

g cos

-1

0.7052 45.15

o
13

Solution to Problem 2, part 3

3. The dogleg severity,

b
2.4097
d (i)
* 100
L
60
o

d = 4.01o / 100 ft
Alternate solution: Use Ouija Board
14

Fig. 8.31: Solution to Example 8.6.

15

Problem 3
Determine the dogleg severity following a
jetting run where the inclination was changed
from 4.3o to 7.1o and the direction from N89E
to S80E over a drilled interval of 85 feet.
1. Solve by calculation.
2. Solve using Ragland diagram

a 4.3o
e 89

aN 7.1o
L = 85 ft

Da = 7.1 - 4.3 = 2.8.

eN 100

De = 100 - 89 = 11

16

Solution to Problem 3, part 1

1. From Equation 8.55

2 Da
2 De
2 a + aN
b 2 sin sin
+ sin
sin

2
2
2

1/ 2

2 2.8
2 11
2 4.3 + 7.1
b 2 sin sin
+ sin
sin

2
2
2

1/ 2

-1

-1

b = 3.01

o
17

Solution to Problem 3, part 1

1. From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

b
3.01
d
(i)
* 100
L
85

d 3.5 / 100 feet

o

18

Solution to Problem 3, part 2

2. Construct line of length a (4.3o)
Measure angle De
(11o )
Construct line of length aN (7.1o)
Measure length b
4.3
(Measure angle g)
o

11
Ragland Diagram

7.1
19

Some Equations to Calculate b

Eq. 8.53
b arc cos(cos De sin aN sin a + cos a cos aN )
Eq. 8.54
cosb cosDe sinaN sin a + cos Da - sin a sin aN
Eq. 8.55

Da
2 De
2 a + aN
b 2 arc sin sin
+ sin
sin

2
2
2
2

20

Overall Angle Change and

Dogleg Severity
Equation 8.51 derived by Lubinski is used
to construct Figure 8.32,
a nomograph for determining
the total angle change b and
the dogleg severity, d.
21

Fig. 8.32: Chart

for determining
dogleg severity
22

(a+aN)/2 = 5.7

aN - a = 2.8

b=3

De = 11

d = 3.5 /100 ft
o

23

(a+aN)/2
o
= 5.7

De = 11

24

aN - a = 2.8

b=3

25

b=3

d = 3.5 /100 ft
o

26

(a+aN)/2 = 5.7

aN - a = 2.8

b=3

De = 11

d = 3.5 /100 ft
o

27

Problem 4 - Torque and Twist

1.Calculate the total angle change of
3,650 ft. of 4 1/2 inches (3.826 ID)
Grade E 16.60 #/ft drill pipe and 300 ft.
of 7 drill collars (2 13/16 ID) for a bitgenerated torque of 1,000 ft-lbf.
Assume that the motor has the same
properties as the 7 drill collars. Shear
modules of steel, G = 11.5*106 psi.
2. What would be the total angle change if
7,300 ft. of drill pipe were used?
28

Solution to Problem 4
From Equation 8.56,
ML
ML
ML
M
+
+

GJ motor GJ BHA GJ drillstring

4
4
for Pipe, J
OD - ID
4.5 4 - 3.826 4 19.22 in4
32
32

4
for Collars, J
7 - 2.813 4 229.6 in4
32
29

Solution to Problem 4, cont.

M L
L
M
+
G J collars J pipe
in
1,000 ft.lbs * 12
ft

lbf
11.5 * 10 2
in

radians

300 * 12in 3,650 * 12 in

+

4
4
19.22 in
229.6 in

0.001043 15.68 + 2,278.88 2.394 radians

180 deg
2.394 rad *
137.2o
rad
30

Solution to Problem 4, cont.

If Length of drillpipe = 7,300 ft.,
M = 0.001043 15.68+2*2278.88]
= 4.77 radians *

M 273.3

180 deg
rad

~ 3/4 revolution!
137.2

31

Example 8.10
Design a kickoff for the wellbore in Fig. 8.35.
e = S48W = 228o
eN = N53W = 307o
a = 2o
L = 150 ft
aN = 6o
De = 79o

Find b, g and d
o

From Ouija Board, b 5.8 , g 97

32

New
Direction

Where to Set the Tool Face

o

b 5.8
o
g 97

High
Side

Present Direction

High
Side

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

33

Dogleg Severity
From Equation 8.43
the dogleg severity,

b
5.8
d
(i)
* 100
L
150

d 3.87 / 100 feet

o

34

With jetting bit: 325

345

M = 20

307

Fig. 8.36:
Solution
for
Example
8.10.

228

35

Tool Face
Setting
New
Direction

High
Side

Where to Set the Tool Face

Compensating for Reverse
Torque of the Motor

Present
Direction
High
Side

Fig. 8.36: Solution for Example 8.10.

36