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Jigs:
A jig may be defined as a device which holds and locates a work
piece and guides and controls one or more cutting tools. The
term jig is confined to such devices that are employed for
holding the work-pieces and guiding the tool in conducting
the operation of drilling, reaming and tapping.
Fixture:
A fixture may be defined as a device which holds and locates a
work-piece during an inspection or for a manufacturing
operation. The fixture does not guide the tool.
Advantages:
1. They enable easy means for manufacturing of interchangeable
parts and thus facilitated easy and quick assembly
2. Pre-machining operations like marking, measuring, laying out
etc required in case of individual parts are totally eliminated
with the use of jigs and fixtures
3. Once properly designed jigs or fixture is setup in position,
any number of identical parts can be produced without any
additional setup
4. Production capacity is increased with their use because any
number parts can be used in a single setup
JIGS
Heavier construction
3. Replaceable parts:
The locating and supporting surface, as far as possible, should be
replaceable i.e not permanently fastened so that if worn out,
they may be replaced by new ones.
4. Provision of coolant:
Jigs or fixture must have adequate arrangement for supply of
coolant to the cutting edge of the tool so that the tool is cooled
and the same time , the swarf of chips produced are washed
away
The operator has not to waste his time adjusting the coolant flow
and cleaning the swarf or chips
5.Hardened surface:
All locating surface and supporting surfaces such as faces of
locating pins should be hardened material so that they are not
quickly worn out and their accuracy is retained for a longer
time
6. Fool-proofing:
Since the use of jigs and fixture allows for the employment of
unskilled workman, the design of such equipment should be
such that it would not permit the work-piece or the tool to be
inserted in any position other than the correct one
7. Initial location:
The initial location of the work-piece in a jig or fixture with
respect to the operation, to be performed plays an important
role
It should therefore be insured that w/p is not located on more than
3 points in any one plane so as to avoid rocking
8. Position of clamps:
The clamp should be so positioned that clamping occurs directly
above the points supporting the w/p so as to avoid desertion
and springing of the work which other wise resulting in
accurate work
9. Inserts or pads:
It is very necessary provision in all jigs and fixtures inserts or
pads of soft material like brass, leather, or fiber should always
be reverted to those faces of the clamps which will come in
contact with the finished surfaces of the work piece so that the
surfaces are not spoiled as result of the metallic contact
10. Safety:
The design of jigs and fixture should be such that it should not
constitute any danger to the operator
6. Indexing elements:
They are not provided always but in many work pieces may have
to be indexed to different position in order to performed
machining operation on different surfaces or different
locations.
In such cases, these elements are will have incorporated with jigs
and fixture
Its effect is made to provide pins in front, top, and right side to
arrest these remaining directions of free movement, the jigs or
fixture body will take the shape of a closed box and it will not
possible to load or unload the work-piece
3-2-1 principle
Motion is restricted using clamps and
locators.
A three pin base can restrict five motions.
>Rotation about X,Y axes.(4 motions)
>Translation along -ve z-axis (1 motion)
Directions nine, ten and eleven are restricted
by a clamping device.(3 motions)
Type of Jigs
1. Template jig
2. Plate jig
3. Channel Jig
4. Diameter Jig
5. Leaf jig
6. Ring Jig
7. Box jig