SUBMITTED BY:DAKSH SAVARNI SINGH

10914802811
E-4
MAIT (BRANCH: ECE)

What is an OLED?
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode
An OLED is a light emitting diode (LED) which
emissive electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of
organic compounds.

History of OLEDs
First developed in the early 1950s in France
1960s-AC-driven electroluminescent cells using doped anthracene
was developed
In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first light emitting
diodes from thin organic layers.
In 1990 electroluminescence in polymers was discovered.

Architecture of OLEDs
Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED.
Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds

electron "holes") when a current flows through the device.

Organic layer:
o Conducting layer-This layer is ma-de
of organic plastic molecules that
transport "holes" from the anode. One
conducting polymer used in OLEDs is
polyaniline.
o Emissive layer - This layer is made of
organic plastic molecules (different ones
from the conducting layer) that transport
electrons from the cathode; this is where
light is made. One polymer used in the
emissive layer is polyfluorene.

Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

Types of OLEDs
Passive OLEDs

Active OLEDs

The organic layer is between strips Full layers of cathode and anode
of cathode and anode that run Anode over lays a thin film

perpendicular
The intersections form the pixels
Easy to make
Use more power
Best for small screens

transistor (TFT)
Requires less power
Higher refresh rates
Suitable for large screens

Applications of OLEDs
Televisions
SONY
LG transparent TV
Cell Phone screens
Wrist Watch
Computer Screens
Laptops
Desktops
Keyboards
Optimus Maximus Keyboard
OCZ Keyboard etc
Digital Camera
KODAK Easy share LS633
Lights
Bendable Devices
Portable Device displays
Philips Go Gear MP3 Player

Advantages of OLEDs

Faster response time than LCDs

Consume significantly less energy
Can be transparent when off
Flexible and Conformal Displays
Thinner display-No backlight required
Better contrast ratio
Safer for the environment
Wider viewing angles; up to 170 degrees
OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs
Low cost materials and fabrication method
Less Expensive than LCD due to lesser components
Can be printed onto a wide variety(flexible) of substrates
Can be made using plastic screens; LCDs require glass backing

Disadvantages of OLEDs
OLED seems to be the perfect technology for all types of displays,
but it also has some problems:
Lifetime - While red and green OLED films have longer lifetimes (46,000

to 230,000 hours), blue organics currently have much shorter lifetimes (up
to around 14,000 hours)
Manufacturing - Currently, manufacturing is more expensive than LCDs
Water - Water can easily damage OLEDs
OLED screens are even worse than LCD in direct sunlight
Overall luminance degradation
Limited market availability

Current Research for OLEDs

Manufacturers focusing on finding a

cheap way to produce

"Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing
Increasing efficiency of blue
luminance

Boosting overall lifespan

Future Uses for OLED

Will capture emerging market of wearable displays (Nokia

888) (Wearable OLEDs)

Will capture the low-power electronics market (cell phones and
PDAs)
Roll able Display
Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space
Transparent lighting doubles as a window

Future Uses for OLED

Data glass
GPS system
OLED in future cars
Curved OLED displays, placed on non-flat surfaces
And many more we cannot even imagine today

Scroll Laptop
Nokia concept OLED Laptop

References

http://impnerd.com/the-history-and-future-of-oled
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_light-emitting_diode
http://www.oled-research.com/oleds/oleds-history.html
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/technology/top_ten_phone_techs.sht
ml#keep-your-eye-on-flexible-displays-coming-soon
http://www.pocketlint.com/news/news.phtml/23150/24174/samsung-say-oled-notready.phtml
http://www.cepro.com/article/study_future_bright_for_oled_lighti
ng_market/
http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/21116/page1/
http://optics.org/cws/article/industry/37032
http://jalopnik.com/5154953/samsung-transparent-oled-displaypitched-as-automotive-hud

Thank You

Electroluminescence (EL) is an optical

phenomenon and electrical phenomenon in which a
material emits light in response to an electric
current passed through it, or to a strong electric field

An organic compound is any member of a large class

of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon

A pixel (or picture element) is the smallest item of

information in an image

A thin-film transistor (TFT) is a special kind

of field-effect transistor made by depositing thin films of
a semiconductor active layer.

The refresh rate is the number of times in a second that display

hardware draws the data it is being given

Optimus Maximus Keyboard

Small OLED screen on every key
113 OLED screens total
Each key can be programmed to
preform a series of functions
Keys can be linked to applications
Display notes, numerals, special
symbols, HTML codes, etc...
SD card slot for storing settings

Current and Future OLED Applications

Kodak was the first to release a digital camera with an OLED
display in March 2003, the Easy Share LS633($168)

Kodak LS633 Easy Share with OLED

display

The SONY XEL-1

The SONY XEL-1 released in December 2007 for customers in Japan.
200,000 Yen -- or about $1,700 U.S (Rs 8L+)
Released XEL-1 in February 2009.(Worldwide)
$2500 USD(Rs 12L+)
First OLED TV sold in sold in America..
11'' screen, 3mm thin
Weighs approximately 1.9 kg
Wide 178 degree viewing angle
1,000,000:1 Contrast ratio

The Sony.11-inch XEL-1 OLED TVs almost as thin as a credit

Flexible OLED

Samsung's 40-inch OLED TV

LG Display 19-inch OLED

Roll-to-Roll printing technology.

The flexible OLED element capable of being produced using roll-to-roll

printing technology.
The ROLLED project under European researchers coordinated by VTT

Fast Response Time

OLED

LCD

Fast response time means full motion graphics can be

displayed

Constant Contrast Ratio wide viewing angle

Digital Wallpaper.

Shown here is a fanciful digital rough for an OLED flexible digital

wallpaper environment. Printing OLEDs onto flexible substrates opens the
door to new applications such as roll-up displays, wallpaper and displays
embedded in fabrics or clothing

OCZ OLED Keyboard

OCZ are calling it The Worlds Most
Intelligent Gaming Keyboard
9 programmable OLED keys, which are
designed to help manage time and efficiency
while gaming, surfing the web, emailing or
for custom tasks.
The OLED Keys can display any image or
text as a custom icon, and can programmed
with any custom shortcut you want,
it comes with 128MB of built in memory
and features a total of 103 keys.
OCZ havent announced any price yet.

Philips Go Gear 2940 MP3 Player(OLED)

Philips has announced the Go Gear 2940
MP3 player.
The gadget comes equipped with a color
OLED display
Supports off course MP3, WAV and WMA
files.
Include an integrated equalizer, USB 2.0
connectivity, voice recording capability and a
built-in FM tuner.
No idea on pricing

SONY PSP2 Concept-OLED roll able Display

A flexible OLED display
that can be rolled around the
main electronics core but,
when charged, automatically
stiffens with minimal bezel
surround.

LG's "E-Book" Laptop

This device supports an OLED display and is

powered by blue methyl alcohol fuel instead of a
regular lithium-ion battery.
The batteries of the LG e-Book use natural gas,
methanol, and other eco-friendly liquid fuels.
The fuel is stored in a transparent cylindrical hinge.
Unlike LCD, OLED does not need a frame around
it, and it consumes less electricity.
The keypad will also be made of a singe OLED
panel

Bendable OLED Display

Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology is threatening the

Liquid Crystal Display, or LCD, standard because of its flexibility, low
power consumption and versatility.

OLED Data glass

Developed by Students at the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany
A pair of interactive data eyeglasses that can project an image onto the
retina from an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) micro-display, making the
image appear as if it's a meter in front of the wearer.
Similar headwear only throws up a static image,
Just the movement of the eyeball, to scroll through information

In direct sunlight

Nokia N00 OLED Display

Apple iPHONE LCD Display

OLED-in future cars

Even today, we can see several interesting usages for OLED
displays/lighting in cars:
Dashboard displays
Windshield transparent OLEDs
Internal lighting
External lighting
Back-window alerts and messaging

JVG 3 mm OLED TV

4" flexible transparent OLED from LG

It may only be 4" across (diagonally) and 320x240 pixels at the moment
but this flexible transparent OLED display has massive implications for
how we use and interact with technology in the future.

19 Transparent OLED

The HP LiM concept, which stands for Less is More, features a 19"
transparent OLED touch screen with a wireless keyboard.

TIWE OLED Wrist Watch

The OLED TIWE (like TIME, but with the M upside down!)
Its a concept by designer Lv Zhogfang.
It normally displays a bunch of little white balls ("stars") randomly floating
around the face. But when you give it a shake or tap on the glass, the balls
come together to show the time in an analogue style

Nokia Scroll OLED Laptop

Designed by Rodrigo Mercado.
The Nokia Scroll OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) is
concept laptop that basically almost makes it paper thin.
Its touch-sensitive surface.
There is no mouse or keyboard incorporated into the concept.
The screen should be nice and bright with clear and crisp image
quality.
It would also have excellent battery life.
It would be super lightweight. OLED displays also have fast
pixel response times, practically turning off and on in an instant,
unlike LCD panels.
Its only a concept.